 collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones  Those hormones send messages to cells to help the organs do their jobs properly  Big parts are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs.  The pancreas has a big part in dealing with the endocrine system

 Diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the pituitary gland  Metabolic or endocrine condition that results in losses of body fluids through urination  People with diabetes insipidus have a lower level of a hormone called vasopressin Diabetes Insipidus

 Harm to the pituitary gland can happen from something as simple as a head injury, or as bad as an infection or tumor  Injured pituitary gland can also be hereditary  Symptoms are- frequent, rination, fatigue, and excessive thirst  Those who suffer from diabetes insipidus dehydrated and constipated

 infants with DI who not treated soon enough couldsuffer from brain damage or developmental problems  DI in adults is often caused by tumors in the pituitasry or some damage to the pituitary gland

 DI can be detected with a water deprivation test  It can also be diagnosed with dehydration test  DI is usually cured with desmopressin acetate- a hormone helps the individual keep the water in their body

 90% of diabetes in the US is type 2  More common in African Americans and Native Americans  Your risk for type 2 increases as you get olde

 Type 2 diabetes can be a consequence of obese and being unactive  Diet and nutrition plays a role in type 2 diabetes as well

 Ex. The Pima Indians in Arizona have very high rates of type 2 diabetes,  the Pima Indians in Mexico have very low rates.

 Some women are at risk for type 2 diabetes, especially those who had gestational diabetes  Type 2 diabetes could also be the result of high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance.  Even though genetics mostly plays a role in type 1 diabetes it is also another factor in developing type 2

 the most common reason for developing type 2 diabetes is that the body does not make enough insulin or the cells completely ignore

 Recently researchers have notices that type 2 diabetes is on the rise in affluent populations  They have also noticed an increase in type 2 diabetes in adolescents and children

 METHODS OF TREATMENT  It is important for people with diabetes to have glycemic control, these means people with the disease usually have to test their blood at least once a day  Studies show that glycemic control can reduce the risk for more serious complications of diabetes such as, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic neuropathy.  People who suffer from diabetes should see a physician on a regular basis  They should also have an annual dilated-eye examination because diabetes can lead to potential blindness

 EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY  A man who’s life was limited due to type 2 diabetes underwent and experimental surgery  He was the second person in the US to try it  The surgery consisted of the doctors flipping his intestines, and moving them to the top, next to his stomach. This helped the stomach produce more GLP-1. In turn it helps regulate the blood sugar  This experiment was first tried in Brazil  ws/health&id=

 Beta cells create insulin in the pancreas  Little to no insulin produced  Insulin moves sugar in blood to cells to be used as energy  No insulin means buildup of sugar in the blood (not useful) which causes the symptoms of diabetes Insulin Dependent Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the insulin producing beta cells.

 No known cure  When its first triggered symptoms can be very intense (hospitalization)  Monitor blood sugar  Inject insulin several times a day  Too much insulin can make blood sugar too low

 Symptoms:  Extreme thirst & hunger  Fatigue  Blurred vision  Rapid weight lose  Heavy, fast breathing  Dry skin  Naseau  Lost feeling in limbs Low Blood Sugar:  Headache  Hunger  Shaking  Sweating  Weakness  Nervousness

 Increases the risk of a bone fracture due to the reducing of bone mineral density.  Mainly caused by the depletion of hormones from aging, such as lower amounts of testosterone and estrogen.  Common in mostly older people, particularly women.

 When the body has to much cotisol hormone in its system.  Body obesity, thin limbs  Round, red, full face  Stunt groth in children  Depression & Fatgiue  Achey  Weakness

 hyperplasia of puituitary gland. Too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released  ACTH production stimulates cortisol hormone release  Cortisol regulates immune system & usage of carbs, fats, proteins

Treatment:  Depending on underlying problem  For a tumor, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation  Medication to regulate the release of cortisol  ketoconazole (Nizoral), mitotane (Lysodren) and metyrapone (Metopirone)