A Project of 649 Dayton Avenue  St. Paul, MN  USA T:  Websites:  Exploring RESTORATIVE Tactics after abuses have taken place provided by Nancy L. Pearson, M.S.W., L.I.S.W. New Tactics in Human Rights Project Manager The Center for Victims of Torture A Tavaana Webinar

Today’s Webinar Outline: Brief overview and orientation to: oUsing our on-line tools! oFoundation for Strategic Thinking & Tactical Innovation oKey Terms oSIX reasons for the need for “new” tactics Exploring RESTORATIVE Tactics

Using our technology tools

Did you attend either of the previous webinars - Prevention or Intervention tactics? YES NO NO, but I did attend the New Tactics course offered by Tavaana NO, but I did attend a different course offered by Tavaana C  B A D

Foundations for Strategic Thinking and Tactical Innovation

THREE sources of knowledge that are necessary for good strategic and tactical thinking. Sun Tzu (over 2,000 years ago)

Know From Sun Tzu— the Art of War

Know Yourself Know Your Opponent Know the Terrain From Sun Tzu— the Art of War

What is STRATEGY? The aim or purpose toward which an effort is directed. An outline of key steps and approaches in accomplishing the goal. A B 

Strategy requires the joining together of many decisions Strategy defines what is important to do.

Strategy requires… Decisions that include key steps and approaches in accomplishing the goal. Selection of key objectives Appropriate targets Understanding of needed constituencies Resources Decisions on which tactics to use and when

Tactics Tactics are the means through which a change is made. Tactics are the levers or mechanisms to carry out a strategy. –A tactic is a specific action or systematic combination of actions taken to affect a given situation. –Tactics are one of the key building blocks of strategy. –Tactics are about “the how,” while strategies are about “the what.”

Target The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed.

Hitting your “target”

Target The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed. PERSON Policeman Judge Lawyer Doctor INSTITUTION 

Target The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed. INSTITUTION Police Academy Ministry of Justice Bar Association Hospital GROUP  PERSON Policeman Judge Lawyer Doctor

Target The person, institution, group or segment of society where your tactical action is directed. GROUP Police Trainees Judges Lawyers Association Medical Association INSTITUTION Police Academy Ministry of Justice Bar Association Hospital PERSON Policeman Judge Lawyer Doctor

Questions or Comments 

Why the need for

When your only tool is a hammer, New Tactics in Human Rights –

every problem looks like a nail. New Tactics in Human Rights –

6 Reasons for 1.What we know how to do influences what we think is possible to do. Tactics help determine strategy. 2.Different tactics are effective against different targets. 3.Different tactics appeal to different constituencies. 4.Tactical flexibility is the source of surprise. 5.Tactics teach participants and observers how to engage in the world. 6.Tactics are the training systems for engaging participants and allies in the organization’s work.

 Group’s capacities  Tolerance for risk  Analysis of the opponent  Context in which the tactics will be used Important considerations are needed in making tactical choices:

What is your vision?

Questions or Comments 

RESTORATIVE Tactics Primary source for today’s examples: New Tactics in Human Rights: A Resource for Practitioners (The workbook is available in English, Farsi, Arabic & other languages) Additional sources from New Tactics website: – use quick link “Tactics” and “Workbook” See also Tavaana’s website for additional Case Study Examples:

Exploring THREE kinds of RESTORATIVE tactics: Remembering Abuses Strengthening Individuals and Communities Seeking Redress

RESTORATIVE tactics: Remembering Abuses Tactics – bring to light the nature and extent of abuses, or the identities of the perpetrators or victims. These tactics:  Create a permanent and public record of abuse.  Provide a solid record for litigation against abusers.  Provide opportunities for “truth telling” and closure for victims and families.

Remembering Abuses Tactics Cambodia: Answer for Victims’ Families Documenting records of abuse to promote healing and justice. (English page 87, Farsi, page _83_) MAIN TARGET: Families of victims and perpetrators Source: Photo on the Documentation Center – Cambodia website GOAL: Provide families with information about the fate of loved ones; AND provide legal evidence against perpetrators. MEANS: Database electronic tracing file system documenting the genocide

Remembering Abuses Tactics Cambodia: Answer for Victims’ Families Documenting records of abuse to promote healing and justice. TIMELINE: Khmer Rouge regime 1995: Began under the Yale University Genocide Program 1997: Became an independent NGO Source: Photo on the Documentation Center – Cambodia website RESULTS: 4 databases that catalogue thousands of pages of documents, photos and interviews (with back-up outside of Cambodia) GPS technology used to identify 10,466 Mass graves 168 prisons and 77 genocide memorials in 170 districts Estimated 80 percent of families that come to the center leave with answers about their loved ones Data being used for the Tribunal process

How can you record the history of abuses in your community?  Other questions or comments? How might you use this history to promote healing and justice?

RESTORATIVE tactics: Strengthening Individuals and Communities – tactics that employ mental health interventions, rehabilitation and other techniques to heal individuals and communities. These tactics:  Address the damage of repression  Draw support from within the community

Strengthening Individuals and Communities Tactics West Africa & Beyond: From Refugee to Mental Health Paraprofessional Building local capacity for trauma- focused mental health services through an intensive training model (English page 97, Farsi, page 92 ) MAIN TARGET: Victims of torture and war trauma GOAL: To create a cadre of qualified mental health paraprofessionals to serve their community MEANS: An intensive hands-on training model combining Western psychotherapy with local understanding of trauma & recovery. Tactical Notebook available: Source: Center for Victims of Torture, 5 minute video story available at:

West Africa & Beyond: From Refugee to Mental Health Paraprofessional TIMELINE: 1999 CVT begins training paraprofessionals in refugee camps in Guinea (Refugees from Sierra Leone & Liberia) 2003 & 2004: PSA begin work in their own repatriated communities 2005: Program begins in DRC 2009: Program begins in Jordan 2010: Program begins in Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya RESULTS: 2006 Independent torture treatment program in Sierra Leone 2008 Independent torture treatment program in Liberia 2011 Over 400 psychosocial counselors trained by CVT 2011 Over 20,000 people who have received rehabilitation services Source: Center for Victims of Torture, 5 minute video story available at: Strengthening Individuals and Communities Tactics

Other tactic examples: Telling Stories On-line (English page 100, Farsi, page 96) iEarn in Sierra Leone - Created a venue on the internet for child soldiers to share stories and develop new skills. Fighting Sexual Exploitation in Cambodia: Somaly Mam Created a safe haven for women to escape situations of abuse, gain support, rehabilitation, opportunities for training, and alternative livelihoods. Source: rehabilitate.html#childsoldiers

Would the development of a cadre of professionals or paraprofessionals (legal, medical, mental health) play a powerful role in your work? How might you develop this capacity?  Other questions or comments? How can you enable people to tell their own stories?

RESTORATIVE tactics: Seeking Redress – tactics that seek justice through litigation, sanctions, reparations or other means. These tactics address forms of justice after human rights abuses have occurred:  Punishment of the perpetrator  Compensation for victims  Address impunity

Seeking Redress Tactics Chile / Spain / UK: A First in International Justice: Applying international law to dictators traveling outside their home countries (English page 105, Farsi, page 101) MAIN TARGET: Dictator Augusto Pinochet GOAL: To demonstrate that a head of state has no immunity from prosecution on charges of torture MEANS: Litigation – using the principle of universal jurisdiction and national courts can be used to force states to fulfill their obligations under international law. Source: Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA), Chilean dictator – Pinochet arrested and sparked the founding of CJA in

Chile / Spain / UK: A First in International Justice TIMELINE: 1973 to Pinochet is head of the military dictatorship in Chile Mid-70s to activists document violations committed Chile signs UN Convention Against Torture October, Indicted for human rights violations by Spanish magistrate October, arrested in London March, House of Lords decreed there was no immunity for torture 2000 – March, released by the British government without conviction on the grounds of ill-health Pinochet charged and held under house arrest in Chile until his death RESULTS: Set a number of critical precedents: –No immunity for heads of state in cases of torture, genocide and other crimes against humanity –Universal Jurisdiction – laid the foundation for the International Criminal Court –Sparked the creation of organizations like the Center for Justice and Accountability that use national and international laws to bring perpetrators to justice –Created conditions for limited travel and movement for perpetrators Seeking Redress Tactics Source: Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA), Chilean dictator – Pinochet arrested and sparked the founding of CJA in

What is your vision? 1973 – 1990 Activists documenting violations 1988 – Chile signs UN Convention Against Torture 1998 – Pinochet indicted for human rights violations by Spanish magistrate 1998 – Pinochet arrested in London while traveling 1999 – UK House of Lords decreed there was no immunity for torture 2000 – Pinochet returns home to charges and house arrest until his death

How might these ideas be adapted to address issues in your country or community?  Other questions or comments?

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Upcoming Webinar Date: Wednesday, 14 September – Promotion Tactics (Building Human Rights Cultures and Institutions)