Industrialization and Global Capitalism Key Concept 5.1: Industrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as what was considered a “good”, but it also had far-reaching effects on the global economy, social relations, and culture. Although it is common to speak of an ‘Industrial Revolution’, the process of industrialization was a gradual one that unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, eventually becoming global.

Industrialization changes how goods are produced A: Industrialization is a result of many competing factors: A: Industrialization is a result of many competing factors: *Europeís location on the Atlantic Ocean *The distribution of coal, iron and timber *Demographic shifts *Urbanization *Improved Agricultural Productivity *The Protection of private property *The abundance of rivers and canals *Access to foreign resources *The Accumulation of Capital

The Fossil Fuels Revolution The Steam and Internal Combustion Engines The Steam and Internal Combustion Engines Both make the Industrial Revolution possible and both are heavy users of Fossil Fuels. Both make the Industrial Revolution possible and both are heavy users of Fossil Fuels. This marks a “Fossil Fuel” Revolution This marks a “Fossil Fuel” Revolution Humans now exploit the energy of fossil fuels, way more energy than available before. Humans now exploit the energy of fossil fuels, way more energy than available before.

Factories Emerge The Factories concentrate labor into industrial towns The Factories concentrate labor into industrial towns Increasing Urbanization and reliance on labor Increasing Urbanization and reliance on labor Increasing specialization and exploitation of labor Increasing specialization and exploitation of labor What permits this shift? Why can more people work in factories? What permits this shift? Why can more people work in factories?

The Agricultural Revolution Begins in Holland-now the Netherlands I 1600s Begins in Holland-now the Netherlands I 1600s Crops-> end of 3 field fallow system, now rotating crops and use of soil enrichment techniques Crops-> end of 3 field fallow system, now rotating crops and use of soil enrichment techniques Livestock- Better breeding techniques Livestock- Better breeding techniques “Enclosures” and an end to the “commons” “Enclosures” and an end to the “commons”

Impacts of Agricultural Reform Increase population Increase population Increased food production Increased food production Increase in wage laborers Increase in wage laborers Increase in supply of wool Increase in supply of wool Decreases the number of farmers Decreases the number of farmers Larger farms increase production Larger farms increase production Migration rises and cities grow Migration rises and cities grow

Industrialization goes Global England and Western Europe are 1 st England and Western Europe are 1 st Then the U.S., Russia and Japan follow suit Then the U.S., Russia and Japan follow suit Dramatically increasing Global Economic output and Industrial goods. Dramatically increasing Global Economic output and Industrial goods.

Industrialization evolves The incorporation of advanced science and engineering results in a ì2 nd Industrial Revolution The incorporation of advanced science and engineering results in a ì2 nd Industrial Revolution Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, advanced interchangeable parts, etc. Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, advanced interchangeable parts, etc.