The Reign of Terror Summer 1793 – Summer 1794. Opposition to the Revolution March 1793: A draft of 300,000 is called for and The Vendee Rebellion erupts.

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Presentation transcript:

The Reign of Terror Summer 1793 – Summer 1794

Opposition to the Revolution March 1793: A draft of 300,000 is called for and The Vendee Rebellion erupts.

The Committee of Public Safety In April 1793 France is at war with most of Europe France institutes a draft. In response, the West rebels and the economy suffers. The Mountain creates the Committee of Public Safety, 12 deputies that have executive power.

Summer 1793 May: Founding of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women June: Sans-culottes invade the Convention and force the arrest of the Girondins. Federalist revolts follow. July: Jean-Paul Marat assassinated by Charlotte Corday August: levee en masse instituted

The Death of Marat

Maximilian Robespierre  Admired Rousseau’s ideas  Worked as a lawyer and helped the poor.  Known as the incorruptible  If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country... The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny

Fall 1793 Sept the CoPS takes complete control The Beginning of the Terror Law of Suspects passed price controls enacted October: Dechristianization executions of Marie Antoinette, de Gouges, and the Girondists closure of women’s clubs

peak of the executions, military and economic improvement moderates begin calls for relaxing the terror Winter ’93 - ’94

Spring ‘94 March: execution of the Cordeliers April: execution of Danton and Desmoulins May: the Cult of the Supreme Being is established

Summer ‘94 June: Law of 22 Prairial July: 71 Girondin deputies reinstated 26 th : Robespierre threatens unnamed deputies in a speech and is shouted down 27 th : Robespierre is arrested 28 th : He is executed

The Thermidorean Reaction ( ) The Thermidorian Reaction was a moderation of the revolution Reprisal violence was common and the Jacobin club was closed The new constitution created a bi-cameral legislature with the five-person Directory as the executive. Favored the bourgeoisie.