1 Australian Initiatives in Marine Observing Systems Ken Jarrott Australian Bureau of Meteorology DBCP XXII 2006 La Jolla USA Tech & Scientific Workshop

2 Two Unrelated, Connected Initiatives  INTEGRATED MARINE OBSERVING SYSTEM oMajor “Vision and Capability Shifting” Initiative of National Scope oMulti-discipline – large scale physical oceanography through to coastal ocean ecology and biology oWill Engage Tens of Research Agencies Across Aust and Beyond oA Capability Investment - No Direct Knowledge Targets  DRIFTING BUOY PROFILING - EAST AUSTRALIA CURRENT oResearch Proposal – Specific Knowledge Objective oSmall Discipline Base and Participant Group (Propositions)

3 National Cooperative Research Infrastructure Strategy  To fund INFRASTRUCTURE that maximises the contributions of the R&D system to economic development, national security, social wellbeing and environmental sustainability.....  Does NOT fund research. $500M – over 5 years  Infrastructure to be developed on collaborative, national, non-exclusive basis.  To serve the research and innovation system broadly, not just host institutions.  Funding to encourage co-investment.

4 “Integrated Marine Observing System” Federal Government Research Infrastructure Proposal Federal Government Research Infrastructure Proposal MARINE “IMOS” ONE OF 9 PRIORITY AREAS MARINE “IMOS” ONE OF 9 PRIORITY AREAS ~ AUS $50m ~ AUS $50m FIVE YEAR FUNDING Starting in 2007 FIVE YEAR FUNDING Starting in 2007 COMMUNAL FUNDING & GOVERNANCE MODEL COMMUNAL FUNDING & GOVERNANCE MODEL Scale: DEEP OCEAN COASTAL ECOSYSTEM Scale: DEEP OCEAN COASTAL ECOSYSTEM IN_SITU and REMOTE SENSING Elements IN_SITU and REMOTE SENSING Elements COMMUNAL DATA MANAGEMENT & ACCESS COMMUNAL DATA MANAGEMENT & ACCESS

5 IMOS Outcomes (Proposal) Proposal Development Science & natural resource management questions Wishes and hopes of proponents: * oceanographers & climate scientists * regionally focussed science institutions * governments & enterprises Major National Themes Large scale ocean structures, drivers and variability (physical and biological) Coupling / exchanges to shelves and near-coast areas, esp. boundary currents Interaction of ecosystem dynamics in relation to physical processes TIMELY ACCESS TO TRUSTED DATA SETS Funded Technologies Argo Floats Ocean and Shelf Moorings Ship Sampling Gliders and other UAVs HF Radars Acoustic Tagging & Monitoring Remote Sensing (Satellite) Distributed Sensor Nets DATA SYSTEMS & SERVICES

6 IMOS Operating Model  Some Specific Infrastructure Custodians/Operators (eg Argo)  National and Regional Infrastructure Allocation  Deployable / Rotational Resources Can be Assigned from National Pool (eg Gliders, some HF Radars)  Expertise / National Support Centres for Some Technologies, to avoid duplication, e.g: QLD – HF Radars WA – Gliders CSIRO Marine Research – Moorings...  Common “eMarine” Information Infrastructure – single distributed and federated network, covering standards, formats, QA, archiving, data portals  Governance and funding focus through single point – working with specific infrastructure networks through consortia of Operators.

7 Some IMOS Outcomes (1 – Blue Water)  Ship of Opportunity – extend existing ship observations in regional seas linking physical, chemical and biological oceanography  Argo program scale secured and extended

8 National Moorings Plan (approx) Australian Boundary Currents Reference Shelf Slope

9 Gliders National pool of ten gliders (plus existing units) Example : Perth Canyon

10 HF Coastal Ocean Radar Network Proposed Installations National pool of 4 radars – long range & medium range Phased array and direction finding units

11 IMOS HF Radars SST 29/9/91 EAC Sydney Jervis Bay Cape Byron Tasman Sea EAC Eddy Smoky Cape EAC Separation Satellite Image of Sea Surface Temperature along the east coast of Australia, 29 September 1991 showing the influence of the EAC, an EAC eddy and the Tasman Sea. Permanent HF Radar nodes. Temporary HF Radar nodes. Representative Application

12 Southern Aust Regional Node ---- Moorings: currents, T,S,DO, NH4, fluores; phyto & zooplankton; noise,benthos etc x - HF RADAR Gliders: T,S, fluor, turbidity etc NB Instrumented predators

13 Great Barrier Reef Marine Observations SEC = South Equatorial Current EAC = East Australian Current Coral Sea mooring (1) Slope moorings (4) Shelf mooring (1) Oceanographic buoys (3) Island Research Stations (4) Reef towers (3) HF Radar Temp/Salinity Flow Light & heat fluxes Chlorophyll Turbidity Particulate carbon Local variables (sensor networks)

14 Research Proposal – Drifting Buoy Profiling of East Australian Current Very influential boundary current, with high ecological and economic impact.

15 East Australian Current

16 Uncertainties in Mean Currents Derived from the Global Surface Drifter Program (courtesy Rick Lumpkin, NOAA)

17 Drifting Buoy Proposal  Research Funding Grant being sought start???  Three Year deployment of drifting buoy clusters to observe the Spring- Summer formation of the EAC and the Tasman Front.  After initial pilot deployment in Year 1, could deploy 10 buoys per month for 3 months in subsequent years. Close pairs to be used for Lagrangian drift observations.  SVP upgrades to some units possible.  Will use existing XBT SOOP vessel (monthly transects possible).