Unit 4

Chapter 12

Chapter 12, Section 1

1. Capitol 2. Annexation 3. Expenditure 4. Revenue 5. Tariff

PersonSignificance Henry Morfit William Wharton Memucan Hunt J. Pinckney Henderson

PersonSignificance Henry MorfitRecommended that the United States delay recognizing Texas as an independent nation William WhartonConvinced Congress that Texas had a responsible government Memucan HuntConvinced Congress that Texas had a responsible government J. Pinckney HendersonAsked France, England and Netherlands to recognize the Republic of Texas

1. Who were the first president, vice-president, and secretary of state of the Republic of Texas? 2. Why was annexation a difficult process for Texas? 3. What countries recognized Texas as a nation during Houston’s presidency? 4. How did Texas attempt to reduce its debt? 5. Why did the Texas Congress designate Houston as the first capital?

1. What countries recognized Texas as a nation during Houston’s presidency? 2. Who were the first president, vice- president, and secretary of state of the Republic of Texas?

ConflictSolution United States delays recognition of Texas Raids by Comanche and Kiowas F. Huston’s desire to invade Mexico

ConflictSolution United States delays recognition of Texas Convince the U.S. Congress that Texas had a responsible government Raids by Comanche and Kiowas Have the Texas Rangers patrol the disputed lands F. Huston’s desire to invade Mexico Put all but 600 soldiers on leave and never recall them to duty

Chapter 12, Section 2

 Endowment Fund  Cabinet  Redback

IssueGoalAction(s) Taken Education Native Americans Military

IssueGoalAction(s) Taken EducationImprove EducationSet aside land for public schools Native AmericansTo take the Native American land(s) Forced the Cherokees and Comanches to move MilitaryA strong military in order to force Mexico to recognize Texas Ordered the Navy of Texas into Mexican waters

1. Why was Houston not reelected after his term ended in 1838? 2. Why, specifically, was President Lamar considered the “Father of Texas Education?” 3. Where was the new capital, why was it named, and who was responsible for the lay out of the new city? 4. How did President Lamar view Cherokee ownership of land? 5. Why did President Lamar want a strong military? 6. Why did President Lamar face financial difficulties?

1. Why did President Lamar want a strong military? 2. Where was the new capital, why was it named, and who was responsible for the lay out of the new city?

THE SANTA FE EXPEDITION PROBLEMSRESULTS

THE SANTA FE EXPEDITION PROBLEMSRESULTS 1.Heat1. Loss of Many Lives 2. Lack of Food and Water2. Additional Public Debt 3. Attacks by Native Americans 3. Failure to Take Santa Fe 4. Fighting with the Mexican Army

Chapter 12, Section 3

1. Archives

EventOutcome Archives War Woll Invasion Mier Expedition Regulator-Moderator War

EventOutcome Archives WarArchives and capital remain in Austin Woll InvasionWoll’s driven out Mier ExpositionTexans surrendered after two days of fighting Regulator-Moderator WarHouston persuaded settlers to end the war

 Place these events in chronological order: 1. Fisher and his militia attack Mier 2. Mexican army commanded by Vasquez occupies San Antonio, Goliad, and Refugio 3. Escaped prisoners from the Mier Expedition are recaptured 4. Houston tries to move archives from Austin

 Place these events in chronological order: Mexican army commanded by Vasquez occupies San Antonio, Goliad, and Refugio Houston tries to move the archives from Austin Fisher and his militia attack Mier Escaped prisoners from the Mier Expedition are recaputed

Chapter 12, Section 4

1. Manifest Destiny 2. Joint Resolution

PERSONROLE John Tyler James Polk Anson Jones J. Pinckney Henderson

PERSONROLE John Tyler Argued that Congress could no longer wait to annex Texas James Polk His election as POTUS showed that most voters in the US wanted annexation of Texas Anson Jones Texas president who called special session of the Texas Congress to consider annexation J. Pinckney Henderson Became the first governor of the State of Texas

DateEvent February 28, 1845 March 1, 1845 July 4, 1845 October 13, 1845 December 29, 1845 February 19, 1846

DateEvent February 28, 1845Joint Resolution is passed March 1, 1845President Tyler signed and submitted the offer to Texas July 4, 1845Convention approved annexation and wrote a new state constitution October 13, 1845Annexation is approved and new constitution is ratified December 29, 1845President Polk signed act making Texas a state February 19, 1846The new state government is turned over to the governor

Chapter 13

Chapter 13, Section 1

1. Immigrant Agent

Group1836 Population1846 Population Anglos and Tejanos Slaves

Group1836 Population1846 Population Anglos and Tejanos 35,000125,000 Slaves5,00038,000

AgentNumber of Settlers Area Settled W.S. Peters Henri Castro Adelsverein or German Emigration Company

AgentNumber of Settlers Area Settled W.S. Peters2,000 familesRed River to present day Dallas Henri Castro2,000 ColonistsMedina River West of San Antonio Adelsverein or German Emigration Company 7,000 ColonistsNorth of San Antonio

1. What was the immigrant agent’s job? 2. Why did most immigrants come to Texas? 3. In what way did immigrant agents contribute to cultural groups being located in the same area(s)? 4. How did slaveholders justify their actions? 5. How were Tejanos treated after the war?

1. How were Tejanos treated after the war? 2. Why did most immigrants come to Texas? 3. How did slaveholders justify their actions?

Chapter 13, Section 2

1. Subsistence Crop

TownsReason(s) for Settling Marshall Grand Saline Preston Liberty

TownsReason(s) for Settling Marshall Town was built along a transportation route Grand Saline Town was built to take advantage of a nearby salt mine Preston Town was a gateway for immigrants moving into North Texas Liberty Town was built along a river

Uses for Cotton (Cash Crop) Uses for Corn (Subsistence Crop)

Uses for Cotton (Cash Crop) Uses for Corn (Subsistence Crop) ExportFood for humans Used to make cotton clothFood for animals Sold to textile companiesSave seeds to plant next year’s crop

 Based on your reading, charts you made and notes you have taken, complete the reading quiz 13.2.

Chapter 13, Section 3

1. Raft 2. Charter 3. Fiesta

General OccupationsSpecific Examples Tradesmen Professions Industry

General OccupationsSpecific Examples Tradesmen 1. Brick Mason 2. Blacksmith 3. Carpenter 4. Wheelwright Professions 1. Doctor 2. Minister 3. Lawyer 4. Teachers Industry 1.sawmill 2. gristmill 3.brickyards 4. tanneries 5. iron foundries 6. cotton gins 7. factories

Type of TransportationPositive AspectsNegative Aspects Freight Wagon Stagecoach River Transportation Railroad

Type of TransportationPositive AspectsNegative Aspects Freight WagonMost CommonMuddy Roads StagecoachPopularExpensive River Transportation Cheap and Comfortable Rafts and Sandbars Blocked the Way RailroadFastVery Limited Area of Operation

i. What was the most heavily traveled waterway in Texas at this time? ii. Why were social activities often combined with work? iii. Why was it important to locate industries in towns or along major roads and/or rivers? iv. Where was the first public school?

 MLA Format with Works Cited page  Not more than 100 words long  On page 307, the statement is made that “doctors, ministers, and lawyers arrived, but often divided their time between their professions and farming.” Why do you think it was necessary for these individuals to do both?