BotswanaGhanaMaliSenegalTanzaniaZambia Development and Energy in Africa (DEA) Risø National Laboratory Denmark Energy Research Centre (ECN) Netherlands Centres in 6 African countries: Start 1 May Completion 31 October 2007

Development and Energy in Africa (DEA) Objectives: –to establish and apply an Assessment Framework for evaluating development and poverty alleviation impacts of energy interventions –to engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with a view to incorporating these issues in energy policy. Stakeholder needs Catalogue of 42 existing projects Literature Review Assessment Framework + Toolbox + Selection of case studies 6 Case Studies Refinement Information on Development Impact Improved design of future interventions project structure

Common approach – The ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK A step by step approach to carrying out an impact assessment of a given energy intervention complex energy intervention conceptualisation organising principle systematic approach disentanglement structure thinking aid input output outcome impact indicators systematic description of an energy intervention and its consequences common approach

From 4-level causal diagram to assessment tables: example solar ESCO in Zambia Provision of electricity service access to electricity use of electricity business hours educational and social activities income gender relations Inputs: provision of electricity service Outputs: access to electricity employment Outcomes: use of electricity lighting fuel business hours evening study Impacts: income educational gender employment within ESCO lighting fuel consumption evening study ElementsIndicatorsUnitsSourceMethod established ESCO total SHS installed jobs appliances fuel costs av. b. hrs school study/night income sch. perf. decision- making roles ESCOs SHS no. jobs number $ hrs $ grades h/h ESCOs SHS no. jobs number $ hrs $ grades h/h desk study interviews survey interview survey focus group survey interview focus group

Main project outputs Literature SurveyA review of recent literature dealing with impact assessment at the micro level energy interventions CatalogueSynthesis of energy project catalogues from the 6 participating countries Policy makers’ needsSynthesis of consultations with national stakeholders and policy makers Case StudiesDetailed reports of 6 country studies Synthesis Report of all case studies MethodologyAssessment Procedure Guideline - the methodological core of the DEA project, describing in practical terms how to conduct an Impact Analysis Workshop Reports Project Workshops National Workshops Regional Workshop All outputs available from the DEA website:

Achievements A proven and demonstrated evaluation methodology with real case study examples A catalogue of small and medium-sized energy interventions in the six countries A survey of literature on impact assessment of energy projects A participatory approach to identify outcome and impact indicators at the local level Enhanced capacity in countries for assessing outcomes and impacts of energy projects Enhanced awareness among stakeholders of how energy access contributes to development

Challenges Significant challenges remain in the field of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and Impact Analysis (IA) of energy interventions: –There are many complex linkages between input and impact –There is generally no recorded baseline –Detailed assessments require significant resources (money and manpower) which are often not available in project budgets The results of M&E and IA need to feed into policy making and project design, so that the development impacts and outcomes, or the lack of them, are taken into account, leading to better policies and projects.

The Way Forward Establishment of Regional M&E networks and facilities in collaboration with GVEP Incorporation of the DEA methodology in other energy-development projects Maintenance of as a focal point for M&E and Impact Analysis of energy projects in Africawww.deafrica.net