Characteristics of Animals Multicellular Heterotrophs Most reproduce sexually; some asexual Move at some point in their lives

Animals need to obtain water, food , and oxygen from their environment An adaptation is a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment or reproduce.

Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.

Herbivores

Carnivores are animals that eat only other animals.

Other examples of carnivores.

Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals.

Look at these pictures. Can you decide what type of food each animal eats?

Classification of Animals Vertebrates-An animal that has a backbone Ex: fish Invertebrate-An animal without a backbone. 95% of animals are invertebrates. Ex: worm

Bilateral symmetry- an object has a line that divides the object into halves that are mirror images.

Radial symmetry- many line(s) of symmetry that all go through a central point.

Animals with radial symmetry Live in the water Do not move very fast Do not have distinct front or back ends Stay in one spot or move with currents Are able to sense their environment in all directions.

Animals with bilateral symmetry Larger and more complex Has a front end that goes first as the animal moves Move quickly and efficiently Have sense organs in their front end (All vertebrates have bilateral symmetry)

Bilateral symmetry can be an advantage to a predator because: These animals are larger and more complex. They are streamlined and balanced. They have a front end that moves first making them faster and more efficient. They have sense organs on their front end to pick up information.

Alphabet Bilateral Symmetry-A,B,C,D,E,H,I,K,M,O,T,U,V,W,X,Y Radial Symmetry- O,X

Phylum Porifera Means “having pores”.

Sponges Asymmetry-no symmetry Lack tissue and organs A hollow tube covered by pores

Structure of a Sponge

Incurrent Pores Water enters the sponge through incurrent pores lining the outside of the sponge. Food and oxygen brought into the sponge.

Excurrent Pore Also called the osculum. Water exits the sponge carrying away waste. After reproduction, carries the swimming larva away from the parent.

Spicules Sponges are classified into groups by the type of minerals that make up the spicules. Spicules give the sponge support and protects the sponge.

Collar cells Line the incurrent pores. Contain whip-like flagella that beat creating a current. A sponge 10cm tall and 1 cm in diameter pumps about 22.5L of water through its body each day!

Anatomy of a Sponge

Various types of sponges Red Tree Sponge

Sponges Tube Sponge Vase Sponge

Phylum Cnidaria Members are carnivores Have stinging cells to capture their prey and defend themselves Two body plans: polyp and medusa Radial symmetry

Body forms

Examples of Cnidarians Hydra

Other Cnidarians Jellyfish Portuguese man-of-war

Other examples of cnidarians Anemones

Cnidarians                             Coral

More photos of coral                             Brain coral

Formation of coral reefs Over time as the coral polyps die, their skeletons remain behind. Rocklike masses called reefs form after thousands of years. The Great Barrier Reef near Australia is about 2,000 kilometers long.

Importance of coral reefs Home to more species of fishes and invertebrates than any other environment on Earth.