Improving the Public’s Ocean Science Literacy What Can Informal Science Education Do to Help? Alan J. Friedman Consultant Museum Development & Science Communication

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 2 Informal Science Education  Learning during the 95% of our lives which we spend outside the formal education system  Also called “free choice learning,” because learners set their own agenda  Includes aquariums, museums, zoos, botanic gardens, and visitor centers, plus television, magazines, books, libraries, the Internet  61% of all adults visit an ISE institution at least once a year

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 3 What impact can we expect informal learning to have in generating public science literacy for K-16 students and adults?

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 4 A Bayer/NSF Survey of what got scientists interested in science when they were children found the top reasons cited were:  Being encouraged by a parent or teacher  Taking a school science class  Playing with science toys or equipment  Seeing science in mass media  Visiting science museums or zoos  Doing science experiments at home 1998, Bayer/NSF survey conducted by Roper Starch based on polling more than 1,400 male and female Ph.D. scientists

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 5 Jon Miller’s ongoing studies of adult science literacy found only two factors were statistically significant predictors:  Number of college science courses taken  Amount of use of informal science learning (museums, zoos, newspapers, TV, Internet, etc.) Jon Miller, Michigan State University/NSF

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 6 Robert Tai and colleagues asked what best predicts a college degree in science for an 8 th grade student. The key factor was:  Expectation of a science career in 8 th grade Expectation was shown to be a more powerful predictor of a science career than high school math scores Robert Tai et al., Science

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 7 So if informal science education helps improve science literacy, how can COSEE- Ocean make use of that channel? tryscience.org  Find just about every science museum on the planet; dozens of vetted activities from science museums for use on or off- line; in 9 languages

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 8  Citizenscience.org –Individuals, families, students do data collection and analysis for real science research

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 9  Nobelprize.org –Exquisite simulation activities of real experiments, inspiring stories, and more

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 10  Sciencebuddies.org –Hundreds of inquiry science fair projects, way beyond that model volcano; career advice and more

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 11  pbskids.org/designsquad/ –The TV show is cool, but even better are teens doing engineering for delight at school or at home

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 12  Sciencefriday.com –Millions listen, but even more get it through the web, Podcasts, blogs, SecondLife, ….

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 13 To get even more, we can form partnerships with informal science education providers  science centers & museums  planetariums  zoos and aquariums  for botanical gardens and arboreta  for public radio and TV  for community afterschool providers  4-H.org/programs_mission_mandates/set.html for community science programs nationwide

Alan J. Friedman, Consultant 14 Three Useful Recent References  “The 95 Percent Solution,” Falk, J.H. and Dierking, L. D., American Scientist (2010), v. 98, pp A manifesto declaring the importance, even the necessity, of informal science education.  “Executive Summary,” Learning Science in Informal Environments The NRC’s 2009 big synthesis study.  Framework for Evaluating Impacts of Informal Science Education Projects, A. Friedman, ed NSF report on evaluating effectiveness of ISE activities