New Zealand

Physical North Island – forests and fertile lowlands – Active tectonic plates South Island – Larger, higher Mountains (Southern Alps)

Climate Mild marine west coast North Island is warmer South Island has rain shadow

Culture Maori – 1,000 AD Haka – XtM XtM Dutch – 1642 Abel Tasman British – 1769 James Cook

Economy Sheep outnumber people 13-1 record time

The Pacific Islands Micronesia Melanesia Polynesia Based on cultural variations and spaces between islands

Types of islands - Fiji High IslandLow Island

Melanesia Lies closest to Australia. – includes the eastern half of New Guinea – Solomon Islands – Vanuatu – New Caledonia – Fiji Most have mountains and volcanoes

Micronesia East of the Philippines Most north of Equator – Caroline Islands – Gilbert Islands – Northern Mariana Islands – Marshall Islands Mix of high and low islands

Polynesia Huge. New Zealand to Hawai’i to Easter Island

Migration From New Guinea 30,000 years ago Micronesia and Polynesia share many cultural features Melanesia is more distinct

Europeans and War 1500’s Magellan then others by 1900 no local control – Explore – Trade – Spread Christianity – Claim territory World War II – Japan conquered many, – USA, Australia, and British fought back

Independence? Some fully independent Some US Territories Some are US Commonwealth (like Puerto Rico) Australia, France, Chile, New Zealand and United Kingdom also have territories

Culture Religion – Historically - Polytheistic, Ancestor worship – Today Christianity Languages – Historically – each had own, then European masters – Pidgin – simplified language based on English Micronesia is matrilineal = kin passed thru mother

Economy Much is subsistence Copra and taro are native crops Trade, underwater mining

Bikini Atoll

Operation Crossroads Half a century after being subjected to more than 20 nuclear tests, Bikini Atoll boasts a flourishing coral reef – but the coconuts are radioactive

Australia

Physical features Great barrier reef Great dividing range Tasmania Great artesian basin Uluru (Ayers Rock)

Marsupials

Climates

Aborigine – 40,000 years ago 300,000 when British came

1788 Prisons where overcrowded in Britain and the government decided to establish a penal colony in Australia – 60,000 prisoners

Culture/Economy Aborigine – 200,000 left, many with mixed ancestry – Religion with spiritual ties to the land. World was created in “DREAMTIME”, when their ancestors became part of nature. – Many children were forcibly removed from families from White and Asian – 90% are Christian – Asian immigration brings Asian religions TRADE – Consistent with Europe until 1970’s. – The EU made trade with Europe more expensive

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