Alejandra Zelaya Gabriela Zaldívar. Central planning Role of Gosplan Features of the Five-years plan Foreign involvement. ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE- YEAR.

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Presentation transcript:

Alejandra Zelaya Gabriela Zaldívar

Central planning Role of Gosplan Features of the Five-years plan Foreign involvement. ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE- YEAR PLANS

Central Planning  New base of soviet economy.  State decided what would be produced and where it would be allocated.  Targets to reach!

Role of Gosplan  Set up in 1921  Calculate figure for targets.

Features of the Five-Year plans  Develop heavy industry in order to improve conditions.  “Autarky”  Plans always a year ahead.  New industrial centers E.g, Magnitorsk

Foreign involvement  Great involvement of foreign companies  Factor: Great depression  Henry Ford  Create of Hope

First Second Third EVALUATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS

Evaluation  Emphasized heavy industry  New tractors.= mechanization  Weakness in other sectors Actual output in targets in first version of plan targets in optimum version of plan Coal (million tons) Iron ore61519 steel4810

Evaluation  Emphasize in communications (railways)  Big projects such as Dniemprostroi dam  41/2 thousand enterprises.

Evaluation  Carried for only 31/2 years.  Entry to 2 nd World War.  Emphasize in weapons.

Reaction Role of women Expansion of the labour force Positives and negatives THE IMPACT ON THE WORKERS

Reaction  Working class and young workers enthusiastic.  Volunteers for long-distance projects  Dislike of NEP  Attractive rewards.

Role of women  New labour source!  10 million women entered workforce.  Good at teaching and medicine.  1930’s= 44% of workforce  HOWEVER there was great inequality.

Expansion of the labour force  Requirement of the five-years plan.  Creation of proletariat of workers.  Peasants forced to become workers.  Less than 7% of workers where skilled

Problems within labour force and measures introduced  Reward payments. (bonuses.  Motivation for workers such as honors.  Training programs unsuccessful.  Propaganda to encourage productivity. Soviet propaganda poster, In the struggle for Fuel and Metal produced in With the aim of spurring the workers to fulfill the five year plans.

Case Study: Alexei Stakhanov  Did a record on coal extraction  Started the “Stakhanovite movement”  New inspiration for workers, since they where able to see the great reward

Pressure of the managers  Labour shortages.  Raw material shortages.  Competition of military spending.

Impact on urban living standards  Not managed to improve living conditions.  Lack of consumer goods and food being rationed.  Consumption decline.  Cities growing with 200,000 people per MONTH.  “Life has become better, comrades, life has become more joyous”-Stalin

Case Study: Magnitogorsk  Mining industrial city  Created from scratch.  Iron and steel work.  Stalin’s objective

How successful were the Five-year plans for industry? SuccessfulNot successful  Achieved substantial growth of heavy industry.  Comparing to 1928 conditions USSR was looking better.  Clearly set the priorities necessary for the circumstances it had.  Targets achieved through bribery, corruption, major shortages and poor product quality.  Overcrowding increased due to peasant movement.  # major industries still behind.