Malaysian Economy Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Professor Dr. Ahmad Bin Othman School of Business and Management University College of Technology Sarawak (UCTS) Sibu, Sarawak 1

Today’s Agenda (Week #1) Introduction Basic Facts about Malaysia Demographic Characteristics Economic Facts 2

Basic Facts 3

Geography of Malaysia in Brief 4  Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia.Southeast Asia  Comprises of two parts: Peninsular Malaysia to the west and East Malaysia to the east. Peninsular MalaysiaEast Malaysia  Peninsular Malaysia is located south of Thailand, north of Singapore and east of the Indonesian island of Sumatra.ThailandSingaporeIndonesianSumatra  East Malaysia is located on the island of Borneo and shares borders with Brunei and Indonesia.BorneoBruneiIndonesia

5 Basic Facts

Head of State: Almu'tasimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Tuanku Alhaj Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah Prime Minister: Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak Land area: 126,853 sq mi (328,549 sq km) Capital and largest city (2009 est.): Kuala Lumpur, million Other large cities: Kelang, million; Johor Bharu, 958,000 Languages: Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia 6 Basic Facts

Monetary unit: Ringgit National Holiday: Independence Day/Malaysia Day, August 31 Literacy rate: 89% (2003 est.) Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: million (2011); mobile cellular: million (2012). Broadcast media: state-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 TV networks with relays throughout the country, and the leading private commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple national networks as well as regional and local stations; many private commercial radio broadcasters and some subscription satellite radio services are available; about 55 radio stations overall (2012). Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 422,470 (2012). Internet users: million (2009). 7 Basic Facts

Transportation: Railways: total: 1,849 km (2002). Roadways: total: 98,721 km; paved: 80,280 km (including 1,821 km of expressways); unpaved: 18,441 km (2004). Waterways: 7,200 km (Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km). Ports and harbors: Bintulu, Johor Bahru, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang (Port Klang), Tanjung Pelepas. Airports: 117 (2012). 8 Basic Facts

Demographic Characteristics 9

10 Demographic Characteristics Demography is the study of human populations – their size, composition and distribution across place – and the process through which populations change. Births, deaths and migration are the ‘big three’ of demography, jointly producing population stability or change.

11 Demographic Characteristics Ethnicity/race: Bumiputra 67.4%, Chinese 24.6%, Indian 7.3%, others 0.7% Population (2013 est.): 29,628,392 (growth rate: 1.51%); birth rate: 20.41/1000; infant mortality rate: 14.12/1000; life expectancy: 72.3 (male), 77.2 (female) [DOS, 2012]

12 Demographic Characteristics Tahun/ Year Juta/Million Total population and growth

13 Demographic Characteristics Religions: Islam 61.3% Buddha 19.8% Christianity 9.2% Hinduism 6.3% Confucianism, Taoism, etc.1.3% Unknown1.0% No religion0.7 Other religion0.4%

14 Demographic Facts Population distribution by State

15 Demographic Characteristics Marital Status: (Nat.) Married 59.6% Not married 35.1% Separated 0.8% Widowed 4.5%

Tahun/ Year (%) Level of Urbanization Demographic Characteristics

Demograhpic Facts Question What can you deduce from these facts? Year Total Age group – 65+ Age group – 0-14 Age group – Source: Statistics Department 17 Demographic Characteristics The transition of age structure towards aging population of Malaysia.

Tahun /Year Nisbah jantina/ Sex ratio Sex Ratio by State Demographic Characteristics

Economi c Facts 19

Points to note  The modern history of Malaya began in the mid-1870, when British control started.  The tin mining industry was the backbone of Malaya’s economy during early 1900’s. Capital investment and technology were from Britain. Tin miner came from China.  Rubber planting started on big scale in Malaya between 1910 and Rubber plantation workers came from India.  By the end of the First World War, Malaya was the world’s most important producer of rubber and tin, because of the demand from the automobile industry.  Malayan economy disrupted by the Japanese invasion in late  Malaya became independence within the Commonwealth on August 31, Malaysia came into existence in September 1963 comprising of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah and Singapore. Singapore ceased to be a member of Malaysia in 1965 and became an independent state. 20 Economic Facts

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2012 est.): $492.4 billion; per capita $16, Real growth rate: 4.5%. Inflation: 1.9%. Unemployment: 3.2%. Arable land: 5.44% Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia—rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah—subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak—rubber, pepper, timber. Labour force: million; agriculture 11.1%, industry 36%, services 53.5% (2012 est.). Industries: Peninsular Malaysia—rubber and oil-palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah—logging, petroleum production; Sarawak—agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging. 21 Basic Facts

Natural resources: tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite. Exports: $247 billion (2012 est.): electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals. Imports: $202.4 billion (2012 est.): electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals. Major trading partners: U.S., Singapore, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia (2004). 22 Basic Facts

Economic Facts Services Agriculture Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas & water Services Source: Malaysia, Economic Report (Rajah Rasiah, ed. (2011) Question Why, in you opinion, the services and manufacturing activities rose, while agriculture activities declined over this period? 23

Thank Yo u 24