4 Types of economic Activities  Primary- Hunters, Gathers, Mining, Agriculture, Forestry  Found in Developing Nations or Nations in Transition  Secondary- Auto Production, Construction, Textiles  Value is added to a raw material> making furniture  Found in newly industrialized countries with commercial industry  Tertiary- Service Industries, Infrastructure to transport goods and services.  Found in countries that are developed.  Quaternary- high % of population working in research  Found in countries that are more developed.

12 Climate regions Regions  Tropical Wet  Tropical Wet and Dry  Desert (Arid)  Semiarid  Mediterranean  Humid Subtropical  Marine West Coast  Humid Continental  Subarctic  Highland (Alpine)  Tundra  Ice Cap Characteristics  TW- Broadleaf trees; rainforest canopy; precipitation in summer months  Arid- small population; parasites, disease, limited agriculture, largest daily range of temperature  Highland- high altitudes of Africa, South America, and Indonesia  Latitude determines the climate zones: Polar, temperate, tropical

4 Biomes  Forest  deciduous and coniferous forests  Grassland  Steppe in Northern Hemisphere  Pampas in Southern Hemisphere  Desert  Chaparral- drought resistant trees and shrubs  Tundra  Permafrost- permanently frozen sub-soil

3 Different levels of development  Developed  Economic activities fall primarily in the tertiary level  Service Industries  Entertainment  Retail and Wholesale  Transportation  Infrastructure in place to distribute goods and services  More developed countries operate in the quaternary level  Developing  Economic activities fall primarily in the primary level  Nations in Transition  Economic activities move from primary to secondary level

Worldwide population growth Identifiers  Birthrate  Fertility Rate  Mortality Rate  Infant Mortality Rate  Rate of Natural Increase Characteristics  Growth  High BR  Low MR  Decline  Low BR  High MR  High Standard of Living  Low BR  Low Standard of Living  High BR

Population distribution  Habitable Lands  Urban / Rural Mix  Migration  Change in settlement patterns  Push / Pull factors  Better transportation systems  Escape Urbanization  Access to available resources  Economic opportunities

Population Density  Number of people  Measured  # of people PER SQUARE MILE Carrying Capacity  Number of organisms a piece of land can support  When the CC is exceeded it leads to:  Pollution  Lack of jobs  Urbanization (overcrowding)

Precipitation 3 Types  Convectional  Orographic  Frontal Characteristics  Greenhouse effect- creates a barrier that traps solar energy  Rainshadow effect  Windward  Rain occurs  Cool temperatures  Humid climate  Leeward  Dry conditions  Warm temperatures  Dry climate  Occurs due to movement of warm and cold fronts

Types of economic systems  Traditional  Command (Communist)  Government control of production of goods and services  Dictatorship  Market (Free Enterprise)  Democracy- people vote to elect representatives in central government  Mixed  Combination of Command and Market

Measuring Economic development  Per capita income  The average amount of money earned by each person within a country  Gross National Product (GNP)  The total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time  Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  The total value of all goods and services produced within the boundaries of a country in a given period of time.