World War II The War Background Information

2 Quick Facts (write 2-3) A. War Costs 1.US Debt $9 billion US Debt $98 billion 2.The war cost $330 billion times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776

3 Quick Facts (write 2-3) B. Human Costs

4 Quick Facts (write 2-3) B. Human Costs 1.50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) million Russians (7.7 million civilians) 3.11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

5 Why the war happened… 1939 Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war ) Sept. 3 - Britain & France declare war on Germany Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War 1941 May - Germans Surrender Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender US involvement

6 Why? (underlying causes of WWII) 1. Treaty of Versailles A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. War Reparations 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty

7 Why? (underlying causes of WWII) 2. World-wide Depression A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders 1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

8 Why? (underlying causes of WWII) 2. World-wide Depression 2) Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, homosexuals) 3) Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues

9 Why? 3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation Totalitarianism Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Military Dictatorship (Japan) Fascism: military government with based on racism & nationalism with strong support from the business community

10 Chapter 18 Section 2 Notes

Government Promoted the War… 11 Bob Hope performing for troops during WWII

U.S. lives during WWII… 12 Sugar, butter, meat, gasoline and more were rationed.

Women at work… Play Video 13

WWII Discrimination… 14

Japanese Relocation… “We saw all these people behind the fence, looking out, hanging onto the wire, and looking out because they were anxious to know who was coming in. But I will never forget the shocking feeling that human beings were behind this fence like animals [crying]. And we were going to also lose our freedom and walk inside of that gate and find ourselves…cooped up there…when the gates were shut, we knew that we had lost something that was very precious; that we were no longer free.“Mary Tsukamoto 15

Chapter 18 Section 3 Notes

#1 Allied offensive in Europe Invasion of Italy Interactive Map

#2 Fighting in the Atlantic & by air… 1939 : 222 ships sunk (114 by submarine) 1940 : 1059 ships sunk (471 by submarine) 1941 : 1328 ships sunk (432 by submarine) 1942 : 1661 ships sunk (1159 by submarine) 1943 : 597 ships sunk (463 by submarine) 1944 : 247 ships sunk (132 by submarine) 1945 : 105 ships sunk (56 by submarine) The USS Reuben James, seen here on March 9, 1932 on her recommissioning in Philadelphia. She would be the first US warship sunk by a U-boat. U-47 commanded by U-boat ace Gunther Prien, receiving a salute from a German Cruiser after returning from Scapa Flow. Battle of Atlantic From first day of war to last day. Most important battle!!

#3 Success invading Normandy Invasion of Normandy “ by the time you wake in the morning, twenty thousand men may have been killed ” D-Day Beaches Video

#5 Allied forces defeat Germany Battle of the Bulge Interactive Map Yalta Conference

#4 Holocaust

Chapter 18 Section 4 Notes

#1 Island-Hopping Plan 23 Makin Island Nov Tarawa Control of a vital airstrip Marshall Islands Key bases taken which gave good position Truk Islands Japan HQ Mariana Islands Provided airstrips to attack Japan New Guinea July 1944 Philippines

#2 Effect Iwo Jima & Okinawa had on the war Battles of Iwo Jima & Okinawa Showed continued Japanese resistance Fighting on islands was incredibly bloody Existence of Kamikaze attacks Resistance forced Truman to make decision on atomic bomb 24

#3 Reason for Atomic Bomb Use Invasion would be costly Show Soviet Union power of new weapon 25

#4 Costs of War Human Costs *30 Million civilian lives lost *50 Million lost overall *More deaths than any war in history so far 26 Economic Costs *Armament and military costs Totaling $1 trillion *More property destroyed than in any war in history so far