IPv4 Addresssing An IP address is four bytes (octets). Each contains eight bits (total of 32 bits in length). IP addresses are given as dotted decimal.

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Presentation transcript:

IPv4 Addresssing An IP address is four bytes (octets). Each contains eight bits (total of 32 bits in length). IP addresses are given as dotted decimal notation. IP address classes A, B, and C differentiate in the numbers of networks and host addresses being utilized by a specific organization. Class-A is numbered 1through 126. 2^8 = 256 networks, 2^24 = 16,777,216 addresses Class-B is numbered 128 through 191. 2^16 = 65,536 networks, 2^16 = 65,536 addresses Class-C is numbered 192 through 223. 2^24 = 16,777,216 networks, 2^8 = 256 addresses Class-D networks are numbered 224 through 239. Multicast Class-E networks are numbered 240 through 255. Experimental

Network & Host address = all 0s: (0.0.0.0) not valid, used during boot Network address = 0s & Host = #: (0.210.10.6) a valid host address identifies a host on the current network to other devices. Network & Host address = all 1s: (255.255.255.255) this is called a Limited broadcast, where a message will be received by all hosts on a local network. Network # & all 1s on Host: (126.255.255.255) this is called a Direct broadcast, where a message is sent to all computers on a remote network. Used to find the MAC address of a known host IP address, Called address resolution (AR) Network addresses of 127: (127.0.0.1) loopback or test address

Reserved Classes Special IP addresses are known as Private, which means the hosts on the LAN will never directly communicate with Internet-based hosts. 10.x.x.x through 10.255.255.255 172.16.x.x through 172.31.255.255 192.168.x.x through 192.168.255.255

Subnet masks are also used to subdivide networks. A subnet mask is used to separate a network number from the host number in an IP address. By Changing the Default Subnet Mask, You Split the Host Number Into a Subnet Number and a Host Number. Subnet masks are also used to subdivide networks. 1 represents a network and 0 represents a host.

Subnet masks examples Class A, B, & C. 01.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 = no sub-netting (default mask) 126.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 = sub-netting others: 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.252 128.100.0.0 255.255.0.0 = no sub-netting 191.100.0.0 255.255.255.0 = sub-netting 255.255.255.252 192.100.10.0 255.255.255.0 = no sub-netting 223.100.10.0 255.255.255.252 = sub-netting MASKS Bits

Subnetting Classful Subnetting example: Class C IP 192.100.100.10 Mask 255.255.255.248 248 or F8 or 1111 1000 5 extra bits for networking 192.100.100.0 = network default 192.100.100.10 = host 192.100.100.8 = subnet Host 10 belongs to 24 bits in network, 5 added subnet mask bits=29 masks 3 bits for hosts = 2^3= 8 addresses, but only 6 hosts 6 hosts + 1 subnet + 1 broadcast = 8 addresses 256/8= 32 subnets with 8 addresses per network

Incomplete Class A subnet table Table 2.1 Class A Subnet Table Incomplete Class A subnet table Subnets Hosts Mask Subnet Bits Host Bits 4 4,194,302 255.192.0.0 2 22 8 2,097,150 255.224.0.0 3 21 16 1,048,574 255.240.0.0 20 32 524,286 255.248.0.0 5 19 64 262,142 255.252.0.0 6 18 128 131,070 255.254.0.0 7 17 256 65,534 255.255.0.0 512 32,766 255.255.128.0 9 15 1,024 16,382 255.255.192.0 10 14 2,048 8,190 255.255.224.0 11 13 4,096 4,094 255.255.240.0 12 8,192 2,046 255.255.248.0 16,384 1,022 255.255.252.0 32,768 510 255.255.254.0 65,536 254 255.255.255.0 131,072 126 255.255.255.128 262,144 62 255.255.255.192 524,288 30 255.255.255.224 1,048,576 255.255.255.240 2,097,152 255.255.255.248 4,194,304 255.255.255.252

Incomplete Class B subnet table Incomplete Class C subnet table Subnets Hosts Mask Subnet Bits Host Bits 4 16382 255.255.192.0 2 14 8 8190 255.255.224.0 3 13 16 4094 255.255.240.0 12 32 2046 255.255.248.0 5 11 64 1022 255.255.252.0 6 10 128 510 255.255.254.0 7 9 256 254 255.255.255.0 512 126 255.255.255.128 1024 62 255.255.255.192 2048 30 255.255.255.224 4096 255.255.255.240 8192 255.255.255.248 16384 255.255.255.252 Incomplete Class C subnet table Subnets Hosts Mask Subnet Bits Host Bits 4 62 255.255.255.192 2 6 8 30 255.255.255.224 3 5 16 14 255.255.255.240 32 255.255.255.248 64 255.255.255.252