Optimizing IP Address Allocation

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Presentation transcript:

Optimizing IP Address Allocation

Overview Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Limitations of Classful IP Addressing Defining CIDR

Limitations of Classful IP Addressing Adds Multiple Entries to Routing Tables Class C w x y z Network ID Host ID 255 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0 192.168.4.0 192.168.5.0 192.168.6.0 192.168.7.0 192.168.8.0 Portion of Internet Routing Tables 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1 192.168.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.7.1 192.168.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.8.1 Company Network IDs Internet Wastes IP Addresses Network of 2000 Computers Assigned 65,534 IP Addresses 63,534 Wasted 2000 Allocated Class B w x y z Network ID Host ID 255

IP Address in Binary Notation Defining CIDR w x y z 10.217.123.7 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 IP Address in Dotted Decimal Notation Network ID Host ID 32 Values 4 Values IP Address in Binary Notation

Binary IP Addresses Converting to Binary Format Converting to Binary Format Using a Calculator

Converting to Binary Format Binary Notation (Base 2) 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Example 1 1*128 1*64 0*32 1*16 1*8 0*4 0*2 1*1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 217 8 Bits Decimal Value 255 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 Decimal Notation (Base 10) 104 103 102 101 100 10,000 1,000 10 1 Example 2 7 0*104 2*103 1*102 7*101 200 217

Converting to Binary Format Using a Calculator Edit View Help Hex Dec Oct Bin Degrees Radians Grads Inv Hyp Backspace CE C Sta Ave Sum s Dat F-E dms sin cos tan [ ] Exp In x^y log x^3 x^2 nl 1/x pi M+ MS MR MC 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 2 3 +/- . A B D E F / * - + = Lsh Or Mod And Xor Not Int 0. Hex Decimal Octal Binary Degrees Radians Grads Digit grouping F5 F6 F7 F8 F2 F3 F4 Scientific Standard

Binary Subnet Masks Subnet Mask Bits CIDR Notation Calculating the Network ID Determining Local and Remote Hosts

Binary Representation Decimal Representation Subnet Mask Bits Binary Representation Decimal Representation 11111111 255 11111110 254 11111100 252 11111000 248 11110000 240 11100000 224 11000000 192 10000000 128 00000000 Network ID Host ID 1 w x y z 10 . 217 . 123 . 7 255 . 255 . 255 . 0

CIDR Notation IP Address Subnet Mask Number of Subnet Mask Bits (ones) IP Address in CIDR Notation 255 . 255 . 240 . 0 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 10 . 217 . 123 . 7 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20 10.217.123.7/20

Calculating the Network ID IP Address in CIDR Notation: 10.217.123.7/20 IP Address 10 . 217 . 123 . 7 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 Subnet Mask 255 . 255 . 240 . 0 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 Network ID 00001010 11011001 01110000 00000000 Network ID in CIDR Notation 10.217.112.0/20

Determining Local and Remote Hosts Remote Host Example 1 2 Router A B C D E F 00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011 10.218.102.31/20 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 10.217.123.7/ 20 Local Host Example 1 2 Router A B C D E F 00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111 00001010 11011010 01100110 00000011 10.217.123.7/10 10.218.102.31/10

IP Address Allocation Using CIDR Available Host IDs Optimizing the Allocation of IP Addresses

Available Host IDs Subnet Mask N Number of Host IDs : 2n - 2 Network ID Host ID 1

Optimizing the Allocation of IP Addresses After Subnetting Router B 220.78.168.0 220.78.168.64 220.78.168.128 220.78.168.192 220.78.169.0 220.78.169.64 220.78.169.128 220.78.169.192 Router A 220.78.170.0 220.78.170.64 Routing Table for Router B 220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 Routing Table for Router B 220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.169.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.170.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.171.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.172.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.173.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.174.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 220.78.175.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 Before Supernetting: Router A 220.78.168.0 220.78.169.0 220.78.170.0 220.78.171.0 220.78.172.0 220.78.173.0 220.78.174.0 220.78.175.0 Router B Routing Table for Router B 220.78.168.0 255.255.255.0 220.78.168.1 Router B 220.78.168.0 Router A After Supernetting:

Review Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR ) Binary IP Addresses Binary Subnet Masks IP Address Allocation Using CIDR