SOD POWERPOINT Jessica Perry

QUESTION Will heat be released during Acid / Base chemical reactions?

HYPOTHESIS I hypothesize that some chemical reactions will produce heat and some will not. I think that reactions with stronger chemicals will produce heat.

COMPUTER GENERATED PH CHART 14Liquid drain cleaner, Custic Soap Examples of solutions and their respective pH 13bleaches, oven cleaner 12 Soapy water 11 Household ammonia 10 milk of magnesium 9 toothpaste 8 baking soda, seawater, eggs 7 "pure" water 6 milk 5 acid rain, black coffee 4 tomato juice 3 grapefruit & orange juice, soft drink 2 lemon juice, vinegar 1 hydrochloic acid secreted from the stomach lining 0 battery acid

MY PH CHART

MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE

MATERIALS Acids (200 ml each) – Lemon juice – Vinegar – Soft drink – Orange juice – Milk Bases (200 ml each) – Baking soda – Milk of magnesium – Ammonia – Bleach – Drain cleaner

MATERIALS (CONT.) Beakers Digital thermometer Data sheet Distilled water Graduated cylinder Litmus paper

PROCEDURE Procedure 1.Put 100ml distilled water and thermometer in a beaker 2.Stir to a constant temp. 3.Record temp. 4.Put 50ml acid and 50ml base in separate containers 5.Make each chemical constant temperature 6.Record temp. 7.Add acid and base to beaker with distilled water at same time 8.Record temp. every 2 seconds for 20 sec. 9.Clean beakers 10.Repeat with all acid / base combinations

DATA AND GRAPHS

MILK WITH EACH BASE

LEMON JUICE WITH EACH BASE

ORANGE JUICE WITH EACH BASE

VINEGAR WITH EACH BASE

SODA WITH EACH BASE

DATA CHARTS The data charts show the acid on top and the bases listed down the side The temperatures are listed in 2 second intervals horizontally across the chart The reaction with the base on top and the acids on the side

MILK DATA CHART Milk Milk of magnesium17 bleach Drain cleaner Ammonia16.4 Baking soda

ORANGE JUICE DATA CHART Orange Juice Ammonia Drain cleaner Bleach Milk of magnesiu m

LEMON JUICE DATA CHART Lemon Juice Baking Soda ammonia Milk of magnesium Drain cleaner Bleach

SODA DATA CHART Soda - Coke bleach Milk of magnesium Drain cleaner Ammonia Baking soda

MILK DATA CHART milk Milk of magnesium 17 Bleach Drain cleaner Ammonia16.4 Baking soda

RESEARCH

CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemical reactions and changes take place when molecules or elements interact with other elements to form new chemical compounds. In order of two molecules to react, the pair of electrons must collide. The collision needs to be exact on the angle of the collision and the it needs to have enough energy to break the chemical bond. Energy is released and a new and different bond is formed. The reaction rate is measured by the change in consecration of one of the starting materials over time. If some reaction condition is changed, the reaction rate will be changed.

ACID / BASE REACTIONS Acid / base chemical reactions are one of the six types of chemical reactions. When an acid and a base are mixed there is a neutralization reaction. Different properties make different chemicals and other liquids acids and bases. When acids are dissolved in water they can conduct electricity, they have a sour taste (lemons and limes are acids), they turn blue litmus paper red, and they neutralize bases. Bases, when dissolved in water have a bitter taste, a slippery feeling when applied to your skin, and can turn red litmus paper blue. The strength of acids / bases are measured on a pH scale. On the scale seven is a neutral chemical like water or blood. Any number below seven and above zero is an acid and numbers eight to fifteen are bases.

HEAT RELEASED The amount of heat released can be measured in the change in the temperature of the surrounding objects. If the container is well insulated, the heat released during the reaction will raise or lower the temperature of the contents of the container. If your reaction took place in a calorimeter that wasn’t completely insulated then some the heat would escape. To determine the amount of heat that escapes compare the temperature of change and the heat capacity of the container to the known heat flow.

PICTURES AND VIDEO

LEMON JUICE AND BAKING SODA This is how full it was before the baking soda

VIDEO

CONCLUSION Based on my observations, acid / base reactions do produce heat. With different strength chemicals more or less heat is produced. With some chemicals the solutions gets colder. My hypothesis was correct in that there was heat produced in most acid base reactions.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Nave, Carl. Acid – Base Reactions. Georgia State University, Web. 22 November Science Dictionary. Chemistry Terms and Definitions Listed Alphabetically. Science Dictionary,2006. Web. 12 November Le Moyne College. Calorimetry of Acid – Base Neutralization. Le Moyne College, Unknown. Web. 24 November 2010.

Banks, Richard. Chemical Reactions. Boise State University, January Web. 28 November Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Calorimeter.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Enthalpy of neutralization.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition

Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Enthalpy of neutralization.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Exothermic.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Endothermic.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition

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