The Spark: Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

The Teams Allied Powers –B–Belgium –S–Serbia –E–England –R–Russia –F–France –L–Later Italy, and U.S. and Japan BSERF Central Powers –Bulgaria –Ottoman Empire –Germany –Austria-Hungary BOGA

The Coaches Czar Nicholas II, Russia, George Clemenceau, FR David Lloyd George, GB Woodrow Wilson, US Allied Powers Central Powers Franz Joseph, A-H Wilhelm II, Germany

Playing Field

Eastern Front –Mostly in Russia, along the German/Russian border –More mobile –Battle lines changed often (fluid) Western Front –Mostly in France, along German/French Border –Trench Warfare –Stalemate – deadlock, where neither side gains an advantage –War of Attrition – no quick victory; each side tries to wear the other side down

German Plans to Attack France

1 st Play: Schieffen Plan Schlieffen Plan – war plan for Germany, created by Alfred von Schlieffen Plan to avoid a two front war Attack France through neutral Belgium Defeat French in 6 weeks before Russia can mobilize Turn and fight Russia Problems: Heavily fortified areas in Belgium Strong resistance from France Russia mobilized quicker Britain attacked from the north

1 st Game: Battle of the Marne German’s advance into France Pushed back by French at Marne Stalemate and Trench Warfare begin Ends Schlieffen Plan

Which of the following correctly represents the Allied Powers 1.Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany, 2.Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Belgium 3.Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary 4.Russia, France, Great Britain, Germany

Which of the following describes the fighting on the western front? 1.Trench warfare, Stalemate 2.Mobile, Changing Battle lines 3.Fought primarily in Russia 4.Fought primarily in France 5.Both 1 and 4 6.Both 2 and 3

Which of the following describes the Schlieffen Plan and its failure? 1.France’s plan to defeat Germany quickly; Belgium mobilized to quickly 2.Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war; Russia mobilized too quickly 3.Austria-Hungary’s plan to attack Serbia; Russia mobilized too quickly

Trench Warfare

Diagram of the Trenches

Trench System

French soldiers firing over their own dead All Quiet on the Western Front – trench warfare (9:27) Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast them? These lines haven't moved for a year! Do you think we have enough food and supplies to outlast them? These lines haven't moved for a year! No-Mans land

Battle of Verdun German attack on French Longest battle of WWI (300 days) Total casualties – 700,000 No clear winner Stalemate

Battle of Somme British/French surprise attack against Germans British losses 1 st day – 60,000 men Total Casualties – 1Million+ No clear winner Stalemate

1 st Game Eastern Front Battle of Tannenberg Russia vs. Germany Russian Advantages –Largest army (15:1 ratio Russian to German) Not well trained Lacked weapons Russian Disadvantages –Least industrialized –Lack of Modern Technology Who won?

Battle of Gallipoli

Britain’s (Winston Churchill) Game Plan : –Open supply route to Russia –Capture Dardanelle Straight gaining access to Black Sea –Eliminate the Ottoman Empire from the war Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire – promised land by A-H to defend Dardanelle’s at all cost Allies fail

Dogfights

U-Boat

Poison Gas

Tanks

Trenches

America Enters WWI

America Neutral? Not our war Businesses could sell to both sides Recent immigrants from both sides

Reason for US Entry Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Note Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Sinking of the Lusitania –German u-boat torpedoes British passenger ship off Irish coast –1200 die, 128 Americans

Zimmerman Note Note from German Foreign Minister to German Ambassador to Mexico –Convince Mexico to go to war against US –Mexico to gain territory lost in Mex-Am War –Prevent U.S. from joining war in Europe

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare German u-boats sink military, passenger, and merchant ships on sight 4 US ships sunk between Jan-Mar 1917 US declares war: April 2, 1917

US Entry into WWI

America Prepares for War

America At War American Expeditionary Forces “Dough Boys”

End of War Second Battle of the Marne (7/18) - Last Major German Offensive Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Armistice – Agreement to end fighting 11:00am 11/11/18

Global War Resources and soldiers from colonies Fought in Asia and Africa - Allies gained German colonies British get help from Middle East colonies of Ottoman Empire conquered the Ottoman’s – expected independence at war’s end

Lives Lost Russia1,700,000* France1,357,000 Great Britain 908,000 United States 130,174 Germany1,800,000 Austria1,200,000 Total Deaths8-9M *Russia had the most total casualties Total Casualties37M

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Three Goals: Ensure lasting peace Right to choose government League of Nations – International body of representatives from each country with the purpose of maintaining peace

Paris Peace Conference 5 Separate Peace Treaties known as the Peace of Paris Central Powers not invited Big 4 - Allied Powers: Great Britain, US, France, Italy

Treaty of Versailles Germany got a R.A.W. Deal R.eparations – payments to victors for war damages ($33B) A.llied Punishments –De-militarized Germany –Took Germany’s colonies –Gave Alsace Lorraine to France –Took Saar Basin (coal supplies) –Took Rhineland (buffer zone) W.ar Guilt – Germany had to accept total blame for the war R. A. W.

League of Nations Formed United States didn’t join –Congress feared it would drag us into another war –Weakened the power of the League of Nations –No power to enforce its decisions

Map of Europe Re-drawn Yugoslavia – Serbia, Bosnia, Hertzegovenia Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia Created by the Congress Of Vienna - created nationalistic feelings

WW I Causes WW II

Which of the following was not a condition of the Treaty of Versailles 1.Germany must take complete blame for the war 2.Germany must pay reparations 3.German colonies will become independent 4.Germany must de- militarize

Which of the following is true regarding the League of Nations? 1.It was to act as a police force around the world 2.It was to act as a world court 3.It was to maintain international peace 4.The U.S. didn’t join 5.Both 1 and 2 6.Both 3 and 4

Which country was Yugoslavia made from 1.Germany 2.Russia 3.Austria-Hungary 4.Ottoman Empire

Why was WWI a cause of WWII 1.It created resentment and anger among Russians 2.It created anger and resent among Germans 3.It was meant to be a peace among equals, but failed 4.The US took too much territory