Mapping Czech Ancestry in the United States Richard Boruta Penn State University GEOG 596A: Individual Studies (Summer 2015) Advisor: Deryck Holdsworth

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia was a multinational state of Czechs, Slovaks and other minorities like Germans, Poles, and Hungarians. Carpathian Ruthenia was ceded to the USSR in The Czech Republic was established after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in What is Czech ancestry? Define scope and geographic extent 2

Czech crown lands in 1600 Czech lands Austria-Hungary in Bohemia, 2. Bosnia, 3. Carinthia, 4. Carniola, 5. Croatia, 6. Gorizia, 7. Hungary, 8. Lower Austria, 9. Lower Lusatia, 10. Moravia,11. Silesia, 12. Styria,13. Transylvania, 14. Tyrol, 15. Upper Austria, 16. Upper Lusatia, 17. Vorarlberg 1. Küstenland, 2. Bohemia, 3. Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4. Bukovina, 5. Carinthia, 6. Carniola, 7. Croatia and Slavonia, 8. Dalmatia, 9. Galicia, 10. Hungary, 11. Lower Austria, 12. Moravia, 13. Salzburg, 14. Silesia, 15. Styria, 16. Tyrol, 17. Upper Austria, 18. Vorarlberg Historical background and geographic context within Central Europe 3

1930 German Population of Bohemia and Moravia Czech-German marriages were common. In 1900, according to the U.S. Census, there were 14,584 households with a Czech- German/Austrian wife or husband. First migrants were classified as a German, and until 1870 as an Austrian. Understanding challenges and limitations 4

Until 1910, the U.S. census Czech population was recorded as Bohemians and Moravians. The present administrative division of the Czech Republic does not follow medieval boundaries. Only Catholic Church, to a certain degree, respects the historical provinces of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. Bohemia and Moravia in 2015 Recognize how historical definitions change over time 5

ACS 2010 data estimate 1,533,826 individuals with Czech Ancestry and 68,301 born in the Czech Republic or Slovakia. Total Czech Ancestry Reported in 2010 Locate areas in USA with significant Czech ancestry 6

1990 Census Facts: o 87,020 Czechoslovaks born o 1,012,576 Czechs and Czechoslovaks ancestries reported o 772,087 Czech ancestry only o 95.5% Czechs lived in metropolitan area Czech Ancestry and Czechoslovak Born in 1990 Present material how the Czech ancestry was established within USA 7

Moravian Church and Austrian Immigrants 1850 and earlier: First settler arrived in 1633 First settler arrived in 1633 Moravians settled in Colonies around 1730s-40s. Moravians settled in Colonies around 1730s-40s. Mass migration from Austria started after 1848 Revolution Mass migration from Austria started after 1848 Revolution Prior censuses and immigration data are counted as a German Prior censuses and immigration data are counted as a German Many Czechs were attracted to California due to the Gold Rush Many Czechs were attracted to California due to the Gold Rush Gather data from oldest possible government sources 8

Bohemian & Moravian Immigrants in Chicago emerged as the main hub for Czech immigrants. Iowa, Wisconsin and Nebraska were popular for settlers arriving after the Civil War. Identify first geographic regions with significant Czech population 9

Bohemian and Moravian Population 1910 By 1900 the majority of Czech speakers were born in the USA. The 1910 census differentiated Slovaks from Czech speakers. Analyze population dynamics and pattern change 10

1910 Czech Population by Birth and Nativity Czech rural communities in the Midwest ceased to attract new arrivals, who settled in NY, PA, and NJ. Texas emerged as another state with large Czech communities having both new immigrants and 2 nd & 3 rd generations of Czech speakers. Capture trends and understand geospatial distribution 11

was the peak of Czech immigration, which started to assimilate in the second and third generation. The Midwest remains an area with a large percentage of people claiming Czech ancestry 100 years after settling. Rural Population in 1920 and 2000 Ancestry Construct rural pattern from secondary sources 12

Chicago had the largest Czech community in the USA with 50,000 people in This community had numerous social organizations, schools, and businesses, but began to move to the suburbs by Evaluate population dynamic in leading urban areas Czechoslovak Population in Chicago

WWII and the Cold War prevented repopulation of the community, which preferred living in Cicero, IL. The Czechoslovak population declined by half in 1950 from its peak in 1920, and was mostly gone by Hypothesize long-term population change within metropolitan areas Czechoslovak Population in Chicago

Czechoslovak Born Population The Czechoslovak-born population decreased after 1940 as a result of limited immigration due to WWII and the Cold War. Methodology: Trend Analysis 15

Czechoslovak Ancestry Change 1960 from 1910 People of Czech and Czechoslovak heritage continued to grow in middle of the 20 th century, and increased by 380,000 since Methodology: Map a population change over time 16

Czechoslovak Ancestry Change People of the Czechoslovak ancestry followed general trends established after WWII: flight to suburbs and moving to cities in the Sun Belt. Methodology: Visualization 17

Czechoslovak Born versus Ancestry Facts: o Separate census ancestry for Slovaks o Chicago and New York remained top cities with Czechoslovak-born population o Immigrants and ancestry have not shared the same geographic areas o Immigration increased by 11,000 between Methodology: Hot Spot Analysis 18

Phases of the Capstone Project Project Plan Propose Capstone Project Idea Establish Objectives Research Background Information Identify Primary Source of Information Gather Secondary Sources Identify Spatial Methodology Peer Review Presentation Analyze Feedback Capstone Project Dissemination Peer Review Dissemination Workshop Compose Document 19

Change of Ancestry (Single) Population with Czech and Czechoslovak ancestry increased to one million by 1980, and became much more scattered across the USA. Anticipated Result: Population migration and urban growth 20

2000 Census – Czech/Czechoslovak Population The census of 2000 provided the last accurate information on distribution of the Czech and Czechoslovak ancestry. Immigration increased after the end of the Cold War with 27,000 new arrivals since1990. Anticipated Result: Urban assimilation versus rural heritage preservation 21

Timeline of Immigration - Summary Immigration is affected by events in both parts of the world. This correlation was already noticed in the19th century. Conclusion 22

ReferencesQuestions? Capek, T. (1920). The Cechs (Bohemians) in America. Boston and New York: The University Press Cambridge. Directory and almanac of the Bohemian population of Chicago (1915). Chicago Dillingham and Bennet (1911). Reports of the Immigration Commission. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Hutton, J. (1922). A History of Moravian Missions. London: Moravian Publication Office. Minnesota Population Center. National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 2.0. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Retrieved June 8 through July 17 from Neal, C. (n.d.). Guide to the Czech Communities in Texas. Retrieved June 22, 2015 from: Pánek, J. (2009). A history of the Czech lands (O. Tuma, Ed.). Prague: Charles University. Samanova, G. (2005). Nationality in the census in Czech lands/ Národnost ve sčítání lidu v českých zemích. Retrieved June 7, 2015 from zemich. zemich U.S. Census Bureau. (1910, April 15). Volume 1: Population: General Report and Analysis. Retrieved June 22, 2015, from U.S. Department of State. Report of the Visa Office (n. d.). Immigrant Visas Issued (by Foreign State of Chargeability or Place of Birth) Fiscal Year Retrieved June 8, 2015, from AnnualReport/FY13AnnualReport-TableIII.pdf. AnnualReport/FY13AnnualReport-TableIII.pdf 23