Unit 3 Properties of Matter Physical Science CHS 2013-14 Unit 3 Properties of Matter

12/2/13 Week of 12/2 to 12/6 Entry Task Find a definition for ATOMS and ELEMENT in the textbook.

Today’s Agenda Get out your Newton Movie Questions. Read through them together so that you know what you are listening for. Raise your hand to share if you hear an answer to one of the questions. The movie will be paused briefly when answers are heard.

12/2/13 Exit Task Describe some themes in Newton’s life.

12/3/13 Entry Task What is a pure substance? What is a mixture? List physical means of separation (p. 181). 5 minute review and Turn in whatever you have for the Newton Questions.

C-notes on pages 178-182 and 190-194 Vocabulary (left) – meanings (right) Key Ideas (left) – answer (right) Element Compound Atom Molecule Mixture Pure Substance Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Intermolecular Forces Melting Point Boiling Point Describe the differences between pure substances and mixtures (a venn diagram may help). List the 4 phases of matter in order of increasing temperature Describe what happens at the molecular level when a substance melts. Describe what happens at the molecular level when a substance boils. Book Work – Vocab and Key Questions OTHERS – take test M/U

C-notes on pages 178-182 and 190-194 Vocabulary (left) – meanings (right) Key Ideas (left) – answer (right) Element Compound Atom Molecule Mixture Pure Substance Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Intermolecular Forces Melting Point Boiling Point Describe the differences between pure substances and mixtures (a venn diagram may help). List the 4 phases of matter in order of increasing temperature Describe what happens at the molecular level when a substance melts. Describe what happens at the molecular level when a substance boils. Book Work – Vocab and Key Questions OTHERS – take test M/U

12/3/13 Exit Task Explain the difference between an element and a compound.

12/4/13 Entry Task Look at your safety rules (Unit 1). Write down 3 safety rules for using bunsen burners or open flames in the lab. TEST MAKE-UPS: If you still need to complete a Unit 2 test YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE to schedule with me. Bunsen Burner – notes/how to interactive

Today’s Agenda – Learn about Bunsen Burners What is a Bunsen Burner - history Video Tutorial – the one minute version Slow down! – How to Light a Bunsen Burner Notes – parts and steps of use Tomorrow you will take a quiz and a performance assessment on using Bunsen burners. You will have to pass the quiz and the performance assessment in order to get your bunsen burner license. What is the right sequence?

Label the parts air intake combustion nozzle barrel/body tube gas jet (point to inside) base gas valve/dial

Functions of Parts air intake: adjustable; controls amount of oxygen; adding more air makes flame hotter combustion nozzle: gas and air mix to ignite barrel: turn this to adjust air intake gas valve/dial: adjustable; controls amount of gas entering burner; adding more gas makes flame taller base: holds up Bunsen burner gas jet: small hole that gas goes through

Steps to Light and Turn Off Wear safety goggles, tie back long hair, no loose clothing. Check striker for sparks. Attach hose to burner and gas line . Turn barrel clockwise to close and then open slightly to let a small amount of air flow. Turn gas valve/dial counter clockwise to close. turn on gas by rotating valve parallel to hose. Open gas valve/dial slightly – should hear faint hissing. Hold striker at 45 degree angle and light. For a taller flame – open gas valve/dial more to allow more gas. For a shorter flame – turn gas valve/dial back counter clockwise. For a hotter flame – turn barrel counter clockwise (increases air flow). Flame should turn blue. For a cooler flame – turn barrel clockwise (decreases air flow). Flame should turn orange. The ideal flame is pale blue with a darker blue core. Draw a picture of the flame. To turn off: turn barrel clockwise for a cooler, orange flame. Completely turn off the gas valve/dial. Turn off gas line.

Safety Precautions Wear safety goggles, tie back long hair, no loose clothing. Hold Bunsen burner at the bottom to avoid burns. Never leave open flames unattended. Know location of safety exits, emergency shut-off and fire extinguishers.

12/4/13 Exit Task What part of the Bunsen Burner flame is the hottest? Draw a picture or explain

12/5/13 Entry Task Fill in the blanks: Attach hose to _______ and ________ . Turn barrel _________ to close and then open slightly to let a small amount of air flow. Turn __________ _______-_______ to close. turn on gas by rotating valve _________ to hose. Open gas valve/dial slightly – should hear __________. Hold _________ at 45 degree angle and light.

Today’s Agenda TURN IN HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT. Complete notes Take written portion of quiz. Passed the quiz? Practice the steps to light the burner and turn off the burner AT YOUR TABLE WITHOUT ACTUALLY USING GAS Performance Assessment of these steps tomorrow or Monday.

12/5/13 Exit Task-SKIPPED DUE TO QUIZ Fill in the blanks: To turn off: turn barrel _________ for a cooler, orange flame. Completely turn off the __________. Turn off _________.

12/6/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice

Today’s Agenda Unit2 MC tests will be returned to you. Please get out your red sheets. Graph your post-assessment score. Did you meet your goal set towards the beginning of the unit? Unit 2 Math tests will be returned to you. REQUIRED REFLECTIONS: If your Scantron score is less than 28. Discuss Answers.

12/6/13 Exit Task Trade and Grade Please turn in your Entry/Exit task sheets for this week: 12/2 – 12/6/13.

12/9/13 Week of 12/9 to 12/13 Entry Task Papers handed back. Add together your Unit 2 MC test POINTS and math portion POINTS. Take the TOTAL POINTS and divide by 66. Multiply by 100 to calculate your percent. Record this percent and write down if you would like to regain some points with a reflection.

Today’s Agenda Review Math answers to Unit 2 test. Divide into 3 groups: Group 1 - reflecting on MC portion of UNIT 2 – retrieve your test from counter; sit down with separate sheet of paper for reflection. TESTS WILL BE RECOLLECTED AT END OF CLASS. Group 2 – reflecting on MATH portion of UNIT 2. Remember to reflect on a separate piece of paper. Group 3 – no reflection necessary. Read pages 200-210. Answer questions #1-10 on p. 211.

12/9/13 Exit Task Make a connection: Consider the amount of homework you completed for Unit 2. Also consider the quality of your efforts studying. Did your effort yield results in your test scores? Explain what these results show you.

12/10/13 Entry Task What kind of energy is heat? Does heat flow from hot to cold or cold to hot? Homework: Read pages 200-210. Answer questions #1-10 on p. 211. Due Thursday 12/12/13 SAFETY LECTURE!!

Today’s Agenda On back of quiz: Please explain WHY the steps are in the SAFEST ORDER. REVISE ANY CIRCLED items on the written Bunsen Burner. You must get 100% PRACTICE: 1. Goggles and tie back hair. 2. attach hoses 3. allow a small amount of air 4. Close gas valve/dial 5. Turn on gas line. 6. Turn on small amount of gas. 7. Light with striker Performance Assessment for Bunsen Burners Once you receive your license…. Flame Test Lab – using colors to determine chemical elements. NEVER LEAVE FLAME UNATTENDED.

Today’s Agenda On back of quiz: Please explain WHY the steps are in the SAFEST ORDER. REVISE ANY CIRCLED items on the written Bunsen Burner. You must get 100% PRACTICE: 1. Goggles and tie back hair. 2. attach hoses 3. allow a small amount of air 4. Close gas valve/dial 5. Turn on gas line. 6. Turn on small amount of gas. 7. Light with striker Performance Assessment for Bunsen Burners Once you receive your license…. Flame Test Lab – using colors to determine chemical elements. NEVER LEAVE FLAME UNATTENDED.

12/10/13 Exit Task CANCELLED DUE TO PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS.

12/11/13 Entry Task Describe the energy transfers and transformations from the gas coming through the tube to the paperclip in the flame. (Remember gas is stored chemical energy) Homework: Read pages 200-210. Answer questions #1-10 on p. 211. Due Thursday 12/12/13

Today’s Agenda Finish Performance Assessments and Bunsen Burner Licenses. Once you receive your license….MAKE SURE I HAVE THAT RECORDED IN GRADEBOOK BEFORE YOU LEAVE! Flame Test Lab – using colors to determine chemical elements. NEVER LEAVE FLAME UNATTENDED. Make sure a team mate is attending the burner before you retrieve the chemical. Test the chemical in the hottest part of the flame. Put the paper clip back in the appropriate beaker!!!

General Steps for Flame Test Make sure your flame test loop is clean. Put it into hottest part of Bunsen Burner flame. No color change should occur if it is clean. If it isn’t clean, dip it into acid provided, then put into flame. Repeat until there is no color change. Dip clean loop into solution. Put loop into hottest part of the Bunsen Burner flame. Observe and record the color of the flame for the particular solution. Put the paperclip back in SAME SOLUTION!

12/11/13 Exit Task CANCELLED DUE TO PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS. IF TIME – What colors did the flame tests show? Cobalt – Magnesium – Calcium – Barium – Potassium –

12/12/13 Entry Task Discuss yesterday’s flame test results. Give a definition of DENSITY. Get out homework. Calculate percent and QUICK review!

The Nature of Matter

Classifying Matter Matter Pure Substance Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Are all the particles alike? YES NO Pure Substance Mixture Are the particles one kind of atom? Are the particles well-mixed and mixed evenly? YES NO YES NO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Element Compounds or Molecules

Pure Element, Compound/Molecule, or Mixture?

Pure Substances Elements currently there are about 118 elements all particles are alike the smallest particle of an element that is still recognizable is called an atom they can’t be broken down anymore by “normal means” they are found on the periodic table currently there are about 118 elements chemical symbols are used to represent the elements Example: C=carbon, N=nitrogen…..

Compounds and Molecules (over 10 million exist) two or more elements chemically combined once combined, the properties of a compound are different than the elements that make it up can be broken down into the elements that make them up example: Sugar is C6H12O6 made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen looks nothing like C, H, O by themselves can be broken down when burned

Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture different samples are not necessarily made up of exactly the same proportions of matter can often see different particles mixed together often can be easily separated

Homogeneous Mixture is the same throughout often can’t see different particles mixed together often difficult to separate examples: steel, milk, salt water, Kool Aid®

properties of matter are that it has: mass: amount of matter (atoms) in an object volume: amount of space an object takes up density: the mass per unit volume of an object

density is a property of material independent of quantity or shape

Density v D = m/v D = density m = mass v = volume

Example problem A piece of lead has a mass of 56.4 g and a volume of 5 mL. Calculate its density. Looking for:   Solution: Given: Formula: Density D = 56.4 g/ 5 mL D = 11.28 g/mL Same as… D = 11.28 g/cm3 Mass = 56.4 g Volume = 5 mL D = m/v ml is same as cm3 so sometimes see g/cm3

12/12/13 Exit Task How do you determine density of an object? What two characteristics do you need to know about the object? If time: How could you measure those for an irregular solid?

12/13/13 Entry Task Say Something Nice REMEMBER – Be nice about someone’s character, effort, behavior, respect or integrity.

Today’s Agenda Finish Notes If time: start Density Lab

12/13/13 Exit Task Post It Notes inside comp book if other labs still need to be graded: Speed Lab? Egg Drop? If Time: Trade and Grade

12/16/13 Entry Task Look at the following chart. What is the densest material? How can you tell? What are the units?

Name, Partner, Due date: 1/8 Density of Substances Purpose Determine the densities of four solids, two liquids, and then compare to the actual answers. Materials balance, graduated cylinder, ruler, calculator 6 substances little stopper, big stopper, yellow liquid, green liquid, Cu cube, Cu wire,

Procedure find the mass (using a balance) and volume (using a ruler or graduated cylinder) of each substance calculate density using D = M/V calculate percentage (optional) error using │your answer – actual answer│ actual answer (100)

289.968 g

11.5? ml

Actual Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Substance Mass (g) Volume (ml or cm3) Calculated Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Actual Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Cu cube Cu wire big stopper little stopper yellow liquid green liquid Density of Different Substances zinc strip added for day 2. Do multiple trials

Actual Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Substance Mass (g) Volume (ml or cm3) Calculated Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Actual Density (g/ml or g/cm3) Cu cube 9.0 Cu wire big stopper 1.3 little stopper yellow liq. 0.8 green liq. 1.0 Density of Different Substances

Conclusion Explain how to get density. Explain how to get accurate density answers and avoid inaccurate answers (meaning tell me how to avoid mistakes in getting density).