Egyptian Art
Ancient EGYPT: Gift of the Nile
The Palette of King Narmer, c. 3100-3000 BCE, slate
Early Dynastic –3100 BCE Palette of Narmer Old Kingdom— 2700 – 2200 BCE Step Pyramid of Djosher Pyramids of Giza Sphinx Statue of Menkaure and Queen Seated Scribe (Kai?) Ti Watching Hippo Hunt Middle Kingdom - 2000
unification of Lower and Upper Egypt/ hierarchical proportion/ Horus (a human-armed falcon), Seth, Osiris, and Isis
other representations of the king/ Hathor/ ceremonial use of a utilitarian object
Attention to Appearance Wigs, makeup and jewelry are lavish items used in Egyptian life shows the way they cared about image and appearance.
The Creation of the Heaven and the Earth, Book of the Dead of Nesitanebtasheru, c. 1025 BCE
Egyptian Gods http://www.musesrealm.net/egypt/gods.html
Imhotep. The Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser (Zoser), c Imhotep. The Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser (Zoser), c. 2675-2625 BCE, Saqqara First known and documented artist/architect. Plan derived from the stepped terrace look of a mesopatamian ziggurat.
King Djosher False Door
Top: Ba bird from the Valley of the Kings, tomb of Tutankhamun, c Top: Ba bird from the Valley of the Kings, tomb of Tutankhamun, c. 1325 BCE Bottom:Scarab pendant from the Valley of the Kings, tomb of Tutankhamun, c. 1325 BCE
Egyptian gylphs symbolizing (left to right) life (the ankh), stability (the djed pillar), beauty, joy, and protection
the ka and the ba/ mummification and canopic jars/ scarabs and other amulets
mastaba and serdab/ necropolis/ stepped pyramid
first known instance of using columns in recorded history- Imhotep/ sed rituals and the priesthood
The Great Pyramids at Gizeh, 2600=2475 BCE ben-ben (compare with ziggurat)/ Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure/ Re/ celestial orientation
theories on the construction/ tiny interior spaces
Seated statue of Hemiunu (Gizeh) c. 2580 BCE, painted limestone
The Great Sphinx (Gizeh), c The Great Sphinx (Gizeh), c. 2575-2525 BCE, sandstone image of absolute kingship/ eternal guardian (tutelary)/ association of the nose with the life force
Khafre (Gizeh), c. 2575-2525 BCE, diorite permanence of material/ intertwined lotus and papyrus/ Old Kingdom kilt/ canon of ideal proportions/ “block-like” characteristics/ subtractive method of carving
Menkaure and Khamerernebty (Gizeh), c. 2490-2472 BCE, slate
Triad of Menkaure with the goddess Hathor and the personifcation of the 7th Upper Egyptian nome (Gizeh), c. 2460 BCE, slate
Left: Bust of the vizier Ankh-haf (Gizeh), c Left: Bust of the vizier Ankh-haf (Gizeh), c. 2500 BCE, painted limestone Right: Prince Rahotep and his wife Nofret (Maidum), c. 2570 BCE, painted limestone
Seated scribe (Saqqara), c Seated scribe (Saqqara), c.2450-2350 BCE, painted limestone use of increased realism in subordinate figures/ accounts by Herodotus
Ka-Aper (Saqqara), c. 2450-2350 BCE, wood
The Rosetta Stone, 196 BCE, basalt
Relief of Hesire (Saqqara), c Relief of Hesire (Saqqara), c. 2675-2625 BCE, wood hieroglyphics and the Rosetta Stone/ Jean-Francois Champollion/ conceptual vs. optical approach/ twisting perspective and the use of a grid
Ti Watching a Hippopotamus hunt, relief in the mastaba of Ti (Saqqara), c. 2450-2350 BCE, painted limestone
False door from the tomb of Iyka (Saqqara) c. 2450 BCE, wood
Rock cut Tombs (Beni Hasan), c. 2000-1900 BCE constant threats to power
greater focus of interior of tombs/ sarcophagi/ fluted columns and a portico
Left: Relief depicting Amun receiving Sesostris I Right: The “White Chapel” of Sesostris I (Karnak), c. 1925 BCE, limestone (where the relief is found)
Senwosret I led by Atum to Amun-Re in the White Chapel at Karnak, Thebes, c.1930 BCE, limestone
Why is there a PREDYNASTIC and an EARLY DYNASTIC period to Egyptian History, instead of just Old, Middle & New? Why is the southern part of Egypt referred to as "Upper Egypt", and vice versa? Who was Imhotep, and what made him so special? Explain the similarities and differences between the ziggurat of Saqqara versus those in Mesopotamia. How did the Egyptians' belief in afterlife affect the creation of the pyramids? Egyptian architectural history seems preoccupied with tombs and burial. What are the chief concerns of Mesopotamian architecture? Looking at the statues of Khafra and Menkaure, describe what the ideal Old Kingdom Ruler should look like. What made Amenhotep IV's (New Dynasty) religion so different than anything before it?