Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD European Union

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD CE 标志 CE MARKING CE Marking is for European Union EMC Directive Low Voltage Directive (Safety) Machinery Directive (Safety) Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive (R&TTE) Self-Declaration allowed for many products

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD European Market Sector covered by EMC Directive 250 b€ R&TTE equipment: 58 b € /year in the EU in 1998 –Machinery market: >250 b € /year –Telecommunication Services: 200 b € /year in 1999

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD DEFINITIONS EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility –Emissions: Unwanted radiated and conducted electrical energy –Immunity: Undesirable response to external electrical energy Product Safety –Protection from Electrical, Mechanical, Fire and Chemical Hazards FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS: EMC and PRODUCT SAFETY In addition, devices may also have spectrum allocation and control requirements (e.g., FCC Approvals)

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD TERMS & DEFINITIONS European Directive –Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers European Norm (EN) –Common Standard used by all EU countries Standards are based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD TERMS & DEFINITIONS Competent Body –Appointed by each member state to review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity –Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive –Approved by member state National Authority Notified Body –Same credentials as competent body, but can test and issue EC-Type Examination Certificates –Required for Telecommunications, safety of medical devices –“Notified” means that the organization has been “officially announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES Many Types of Products Directive Low Voltage (73/23/EEC) Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC) Toy Safety (88/378/EEC) Construction Products (89/106/EEC) EMC (89/336/EEC) Machinery (89/392/EEC) Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC) Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC) Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC) Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC) Medical Devices (93/42/EEC) Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC) Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC) Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (99/5/EEC) Date 1/1/97 7/1/92 1/1/97 1/1/96 1/1/95 6/30/95 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 6/13/98 NONE 6/30/03 04/07/01

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD EMC DIRECTIVE: REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE Radiated Conducted

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD EMC DIRECTIVE “Electrical Apparatus” Covered Exceptions: components, large installations and devices that must comply with other Directives that address EMC (e.g., telecommunications) Member states adopt ENs Enforcement –Country-by-Country basis. Example: UK Requirements: –Fines up to £5000 –Up to 3 months imprisonment for misuse of CE mark –Forfeiture of equipment

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD EMC DIRECTIVE FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS Examples Personal ComputersVideo Games CD PlayersOffice machines Copying machinesElectronic toys Radio ReceiversTVs Fax machinesMicrowave ovens Industrial EquipmentMachinery Dishwasher/Refrigerator Class A Products: OFFICE/FACTORY Class B Products: HOME Declaration of Conformity required for all products

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD CLASS A and CLASS B Class A: Office and Industrial Use Class B: Home Use

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD COMPLIANCE WITH EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES Product-Specific Standards or use Generic Standards –Use Generic Requirements if Product-Specific Standards do not exist Method –Declaration of Conformity for all products –Technical File Preparation

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Conformity Assessment Two methods of Demonstrating Compliance Self-Certification –Select standard for the product –Test product –Write Report –Make Declaration of Conformity –Put on CE Marking –Can test in-house or at third party laboratory Simpler, Cheaper, may not be applicable for complex product Retest as standards change Self-Declaration Technical Construction File

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Conformity Assessment Technical Construction File –Need Competent Body –Create a TCF Description of Device(s) Test plan Use “Generic Standards” if product-specific standards are not available –Test product –Competent Body issues certificate –Make Declaration of Conformity –Affix the CE Marking More expensive, for complex products

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Common EMC Standards

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Immunity Testing Series –IEC : Introduction –IEC : Electrostatic Discharge Requirements –IEC : Radiated Radio Frequency Immunity –IEC : Electrical Fast Transient –IEC : Lightning Surge –IEC : Conducted Radio Frequency Immunity –IEC : Magnetic Field Immunity –IEC : Voltage Interruptions (blackout and brownouts)

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE: for SAFE PRODUCTS

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD LVD TEST PROCEDURE Self-Declaration Test Product Report & Technical File Manufacturer puts CE Mark Manufacturer Labels Products Sell Product

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Labeling and marking Language User Instructions Service Information Design requirements Heating Electrical characteristics Abnormal operation Power connection Construction Most Standards address the same issues - Requirements depend on the type of product and where it will be installed GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Common Safety Standards

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD CE Marking Must be affixed to: Product Packaging Instructions for use, OR Guarantee certificate Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Labeling and Marking Rated voltage or voltage range: 115/230V~ or V~ or 230V~ or 400V 3~ Rated frequency: 50-60Hz or 50/60Hz Rated current or power: 10/5A or 10-5A; 200W or 200VA NOTE: 230/ 400V~ are the harmonized voltages for the European Union.

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Labeling and Marking Manufacturer’s name or registered trademark. Model or type number. Fuse replacement info (if applicable). IEC symbols wherever possible. Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment.

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Language ‘Safety-related’ information to be in appropriate language. Service Instructions may be in English. Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market)

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD User Instructions Installation Instructions - information for installation, connection to the AC power, ventilation, etc All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (if necessary) All safety warnings

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Service Information Fuse and component replacement information. Special instructions to avoid hazards. Schematics, wiring diagrams. Special field installation and/or supply connection information

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Radio Transmitters and Telecommunication Devices R&TTE Directive PLUS License by individual country

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD RTTE Main Features Scope covers radio and TTE New Essential Requirements No Specific Standards Easier process based on Manufacturer’s Declaration (increased liability for manufacturer)

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD RTTE Requirements Safety per LVD requirements (but with no lower voltage limit) Protection per EMC Directive Prevention of harm to the network Radio Equipment shall effectively use spectrum Apparatus shall: –work w/other networks –protect privacy –support features to prevent fraud –support access to emergency services –support access by disabled persons

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD RTTE Effects Benefits –Reduced Testing Fees –Reduced Time-to-Market –Fewer Test Requirements Detriments –Increased Liability –Decreased protection for EU Manufacturers Marking –CE Mark (plus NB number for Radio Equipment)

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD EU Standards (a partial list) ETS : General EMC Standard for Radio Equipment ETS : November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 1: Mobiles and Portable) ETS : November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 2: Base Stations) ETS : November 1994: EMC Standard for DECT EN60215: Safety Requirements for Radio Transmitting Equipment EN60950/IEC 950: Safety for Information Technology Equipment URL:

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Declaration of Conformity

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD WORLD MARKETS Europe: EU Directive approach to compliance Non-EU Europe: May accept CE Marking Australia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions now) Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only) South Africa: Emissions requirements only Mexico: NOM Certification

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 标签示例 EXAMPLE LABEL V I SN FI D NOM COMPANY NAME MODEL: XYZ123 LISTED ITE E EN VAC 50/60 Hz VA; A MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLY FUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2 LEVEL 3 LR12345 COMPANY NAME OR MODEL NUMBER US/CANADA UL and/or CSA SPECIAL INFORMATION Use, Fuse,Warnings VOLTAGE FREQUENCY POWER OR CURRENT UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturer’s Name

Washington Laboratories (301) Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD Washington Laboratories Capabilities l Testing and Certification Services –Testing  FCC  European Norms  IEC 801/ 1000 –UL Certificated Agency –TCB affiliate Engineering –Design Engineering for Compliance Requirements  PCB Layout  Enclosure and System Design  Safety to UL, IEC, VDE, CSA, TUV, NRTL requirements l Training –EMC Design for International Compliance –Customized, Modular Seminars