Digestive System Medical Terminology

Structures Lips (cheil/o) Mouth (stomat/o0 Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o) Salivary glands –Sublingual –Submandibular –Parotid Pharynx Esophagus Stomach (gastr/o) Small intestine –Duodenum –Jejunum –Ileum (hip = ilium) Large intestine –Cecum –Ascending –Transverse –Descending –Sigmoid Rectum Anus

Structures Liver (hepat/o) Hepatic duct Gallbladder Cystic duct –Cholecyst/o –Chole = bile –Cyst = bladder Common bile duct Pancreas Pancreatic duct

Functions (physiology) All functions aided by “PERISTALSIS” Ingestion Digestion (pepsis) –Mechanical »Mouth »stomach –Chemical »Mouth »Stomach »Duodenum »Pancreas Absorption »Jejunum »Ileum Elimination

Absorption –Key to rapidity & completeness: Increase surface area –Rugae/ plicae –Villi –Microvilli

System Terminology Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis) Gastr/o = stomach Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis) Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist) Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer

System Terminology Obstructed bowel –Volvulus –Intussusception

Diverticulosis /diverticulitis Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always located in the descending or sigmoid colon. Diverticula Diverticulosis Diverticulitis

Hernia (-cele) In a hiatal hernia part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm. Types of hernia –called hernias or –celes umbilical hernia umbilicocele –Strangulated (no blood) –Inguinal –Hiatal

Gallbladder disease Cholelithiasis Choledocholithiasis Cholecystitis