1 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Session 3 - Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you will be able to: u Compare and contrast the following wireless networking technologies: –Microwave, satellite, radio and infrared. u Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of wireless LANs over wired LANs. u Explain how the cellular technology works. u Describe the potential applications of wireless LAN and Bluetooth technology.

2 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Topics u Microwave u Satellite u Radio u Infrared u Cellular technology u Wireless LAN u Bluetooth technology

3 Nurul Sarkar, AUT References u WebLan-Designer: u Textbook Ch. 6 – Telecommunication Technologies for E-Business. u Lough, D. L. et al. “A short tutorial on Wireless LANs and IEEE802.11” l u Blankenbeckler, D. “An In troduction to Bluetooth”

4 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Key terms u Microwave u Satellite u Radio u Infrared u Line-of-sight u Geosynchronous u transponder u Earth station u Wireless LAN u Cellular networks u CDMA2000 u GSM u GPRS u Bluetooth u Mobile JetStream u Gigahertz u Terahertz

5 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless and mobile computing technologies u Communications can be –Terrestrial Microwave –Satellite Microwave –Infrared –Cellular –Radio –Wireless LANs and WANs. u Devices include –laptop, palmtop, pocket computer, PDA (personal digital assistant), cell-phones, and other hand-held devices.

6 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Terrestrial Microwave u An example of directional wireless transmission. u A parabolic dish antenna is usually directed toward a receiving antenna in a line-of-sight configuration. u Characteristics »Frequency range: GHz »Bandwidth: MHz, Data rate: 1Mbps - 10Gbps u Applications »Long haul telecommunications (both voice and TV) »short point to point links (TV or data) »data link between LANs.

7 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Satellite Microwave u Geo-synchronous earth orbit (GEO) »36,000km above the earth surface. 3 satellites can be used to cover the whole world. u Medium earth orbit (MEO) »within 6000 miles from Earth. More than 10 satellites to cover the planet. u Low earth orbit (LEO) »within 1000 miles from Earth. Few hundred satellites to cover the planet. Iridium, Teledisc, Globalstar.

8 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Infrared technology u Requires transceivers u Transceivers must be line-of-sight u Frequency range: 300GHz – 200THz u Data rate: 1-16Mbps u Applications: »LANs where no cabling required »short distance communication (within a room) »remote control (TV/Video)

9 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Broadcast radio u Generally omnidirectional » does not require a disk-shaped antenna u Frequency range »3kHz to 300GHz »Data rate: 1-10Mbps »covers AM, FM, VHF and part of UHF band u Applications »Radio broadcasting (AM, FM, short waves) »data networks »Cellular networks u Main source of impairment » multipath interference caused by reflection

10 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless communication networks u Wide area networks –Uses media from a telephone company »Cellular systems, Satellite systems, Pagers u Local area networks –Network within ones property »Wireless LANs u Personal area networks –Up to 10 meter coverage »Bluetooth technology

11 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Target Applications u Metro/Geographical area u Ubiquitous public connectivity with virtual private networks 2G/3G Technology Characteristics u Licensed Wireless Spectrum u Multi-cell coverage for metropolitan/wide area mobility u Modest to high power output ( mw) u 2G: 28-56Kbps  3G: 144Kbps-2Mbps 3GUMTS CDMA 1X GPRS3GUMTS GPRS TDMACDMAGSMCDPD Wireless wide area networks

12 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Cellular technology u 1G: Analog technology – eg. AMP (Advanced mobile phone system) u 2G: Digital narrowband technology – GSM, CDMA u 3G: Digital wideband technology – CDMA2000, W-CDMA Cell Mobile telephone switching office Optical fibre

13 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless WAN technologies u Nextel –One transmitter covering a large area. 2-way radio dispatch service. Used by Taxis and public safety people. u Paging –One directional, point-to-point, character/ numerical based (display caller telephone number). –Cheaper and simpler than cellular phone service u I-Mode –Packet based wireless phone service. Offered by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. Audio and video over hand held devices.

14 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Target Applications: u Building or Campus u Enterprise / premises advanced application voice & data network extension. IEEE wireless LAN: u Unlicensed wireless spectrum u Multi-cell coverage for workplace mobility & roaming. u Low to modest power output (30-100mw) u 2-11Mbps today  22-54Mbps in months CT2UPCSDECTPHS b802.11aHiperLAN b802.11aHiperLAN2 Wireless LAN Technologies

15 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Overview of wireless LAN u Supports mobility u Medium –Radio frequencies (including microwave). u Applications –Retail shops, Hospitals, Airports, Warehouses u Standards – IEEE b (up to 11 Mbps) –IEEE a/g (up to 54 Mbps) u Configurations –Ad hoc network (Peer-to-peer) –Infrastructure network.

16 Nurul Sarkar, AUT IEEE Configurations Ad hoc Network Wired Backbone Network Access point Infrastructure Network

17 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless card and Access point IEEE a card IEEE a AP

18 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Example of wireless LAN connectivity Wireless laptops connecting to a backbone wired LAN through a network access point that can support 50 clients over 500 feet.

19 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless LAN growth u Rapid growth since IEEE b standard agreed by the industry in u Gartner Dataquest Study - Sept 2002 –Shipments of WLAN equipment will grow 73 percent in 2002 to 15.5 million units –Mobile Computer shipments with WLAN »20009% »200350% »200790%

20 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Overview of Bluetooth technology u Short-range (up to 10 m) radio technology u Connect home and office based systems in a network. Connect PCs, printers, telephones, stereos, TVs. u Modest performance (721 Kbps) u Low power - well suited to handheld applications. u Support for both voice and data. u Packet switching technology.

21 Nurul Sarkar, AUT M-commerce (1) u Transactions and non-transaction functions over wireless networks. u Growth due to: –Newer and smaller technologies –More mobile populations –Deregulation of telecommunication markets –Less costly infrastructure than wired alternative u Slower to grow in US than Europe and Asia