Defining Disabilities

Illinois Special Education Stats Children (3-21) receiving special education services in Illinois 2009 = 318,000** ** 2009 is the most recent data listed on the ISBE Web site (August, 2012)

Cognitive Impairments/ Intellectual Disabilities Multiple causes “Means significantly sub average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.” (retrieved 8/28/09, ISBE) Appears before age 18 Limitations in 2 or more adaptive behaviors Communication, self-care, social skills, home living, self-direction, health and safety, academics, leisure and work.

Classifications Mild IQ range of Insufficient school progress Minimum educability in reading, writing, spelling,& math Can manage independently in comm.

Severe IQ of 35 or below Noticeable motor deficits Seizure disorders Skeletal deformities Needs training for self- help skills Likely to need care from others

Hearing Impairments & Deafness Hard of hearing- (H I) adversely affecting a student’s educational performance, but not included under the category of deaf Deaf -Student can not process linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification

Learning Disabilities Is not the same as an Intellectual disability Does not meet age level in abilities Discrepancy between achievement and intellectual skills 2009: 130,813 students with special needs are LD or 41%

Autism One of five disorders included under Pervasive Developmental Disorders Characteristics 2009: 13, : 12, : 8,293

Lack of awareness of others feelings No social play or abnormal social play Difficulty making friendships Marked abnormalities in speech production “Meltdowns”

Muscular Dystrophy A group of inherited, progressive muscle disorders, which differ based on the muscled affect Types of MD: Duchenne: X-link recessive disorder Presents by 3 to 7 years of age Leads to use of wheelchair Common in males Usually fatal

Becker MD X-linked Less severe-progresses more slowly Few are required to use w.ch. Until 20 yrs. Old Most survive until 30’s 40’s

Orthopedic Impairments/ Physically Disabling Conditions “ a severe orthopedic impairment adversely affecting a student’s educational performance. * Includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot), impairments caused by disease (e.g., Poliomyelitis), and impairments from other causes ( e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, etc).

Traumatic Brain Injury Most common cause of disability in childhood & adolescence 1.5 million TBI in US/year with 20% due to recreational sports 1 million are treated and released 230,000 hospitalized ~50,000 die 2009 = = 843

Developmental Delay A delay in physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, or adaptive development (may include children from three through nine years of age). 2009: 13, : 12, : 9,000

Spinal Cord Injuries Classified according to vertebral region affected ½ of all injuries occur at cervical level, resulting in paralysis

Visual Impairments Having the classification as partially sighted or blind 2009: 1, : 1,184

Amputations To stop a malignancy caused by tumors, infections, trauma, etc. Congenital amputations Acquired amputations

Multiple Disabilities “Concomitant impairments (such as Intellectual disabilities-blindness, Intellectual disabilities-orthopedic impairment, etc.), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness.”

Other Health Impairments Due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, or sickle cell anemia; and adversely affects educational performance. 2009: 26, : 25,858

Emotional Disturbance An emotional disability means a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance: An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors. 2009: 24, : 26,625