Body Systems

For each system list:  Function  Structure (important parts of the body)  How to take care of this system  Problems with this system (disease and disorders)

Skeletal System - Function  Protects your internal organs  Supports your body (upper body and head)  Movement (so your muscles can act)  Store minerals (calcium, phosphorous)  Bone marrow produces new red and white blood cells

Skeletal System - Parts  Page 1 of Body Systems packet  Important parts to note: –Phalanges –Femur –Patella –Tibia –Fibula

Skeletal System - Care  Eat foods that contain calcium and vitamin D  Regular physical activity  Wearing protective gear

Skeletal System - Problems  Arthritis*  Dislocation  Fracture  Osteoporosis*  Rheumatoid arthritis  Scoliosis*  Sprain (injury to what??)*

Muscular System – Function  Your muscles are always at work –Voluntary  Under conscious control –Involuntary  Without your conscious controlling them

Muscular System - Parts  Smooth muscle  Skeletal muscle  Cardiac muscle  See also page 2 and 3 in packet –Deltoid –Gastrocnemius –Trapezius

Muscular System - Care  Regular physical activity helps keep muscles toned and healthy  Practicing good posture  Wearing safety equipment

Muscular System - Problems  Bruise (contusion)  Hernia  Muscular dystrophy  Strain (injury to what??)

Nervous System - Function  Coordinates all of the activities in your body (communication between the brain and all other areas of the body)

Nervous System - Parts  Brain  Spinal cord  Nerves

Nervous System - Care  Wear a helmet  Before diving, check the water depth  Wear a safety belt

Nervous System - Problems  Alzheimers disease  Anorexia nervosa  Bulimia nervosa  Cerebral palsy  Dementia  Epilepsy  Heatstroke  Hypothermia  Multiple sclerosis  Paralysis  Parkinson’s disease  Reye’s syndrome  Seizure

Cardiovascular System - Function  To circulate blood so all cells of the body are nourished

Cardiovascular System - Parts  Heart  Blood  Blood vessels –Arteries vs. veins

Cardiovascular System - Care  EXERCISE!

Cardiovascular System - Problems  Anemia  Aneurysm  Angina pectoris  Arrhythmia  Atherosclerosis  Heart attack  Hemophilia*  Hypertension  Leukemia  Shock  Stroke

Lymphatic System - Function  Fights infections; key role in body’s immunity to disease  Network of vessels that help maintain the balance of fluids in the spaces between cells  Supports cardiovascular system

Lymphatic System - Parts  Lymph –Clear fluid that fills space around body cells  Lymphocytes –Specialized white blood cells that provide the body with immunity  B cells  T cells

Lymphatic System - Care  Follow a well-balanced diet  Maintain healthy weight  Participate in regular aerobic exercise  Avoid tobacco  Avoid illegal drugs

Lymphatic System - Problems  Hodgkin’s disease  Tonsillitis  Anemia (but more so with CV system)

Respiratory System - Function  Respiration – –The exchange of gases between the body and the environment  External  Internal

Respiratory System - Parts  Page 5 in the packet –Diaphram

Respiratory System - Care  Do not smoke  Regular physical activity

Respiratory System - Problems  Asthma  Bronchitis  COPD  Emphysema*  Pneumonia  Sinusitis  Strep throat  Tuberculosis*

Digestive System – Function  Digestion –The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods for use by the body’s cells  Absorption –The passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular system  Elimination –The expulsion of undigested food or body wastes

Digestive System – Parts  See page 6 of body systems packet  Ones to note: –Epiglottis –Liver –Gall bladder –Large/small intestine

Digestive System – Care  Follow a well-balanced diet that includes a variety of foods that are low in fat and high in fiber  Wash your hands before preparing a meal  Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly  Drink at least 8-ounce glasses a day

Digestive System – Problems  Appendicitis  Botulism  Cirrhosis  Colitis  Constipation  Crohn’s disease  Heartburn  Hepatitis  Jaudice  Peptic ulcer

Urinary System – Function  Filter waste and extra fluid from the blood

Urinary System – Parts  Kidney  Bladder  Ureter  Urethra  Reproductive parts

Urinary System – Care  Drink water!  Well-balanced diet  Practice good hygiene and good personal care  Have regular medical check-ups

Urinary System – Problems  Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder)*  Incontinence*  Trichomoniasis*  Urethritis*

Endocrine System – Function  Secrete hormones into glands –Hormones are chemical substances that are produced in the glands and help regulate many of your body’s functions

Endocrine System – Parts  Pituitary gland (master gland)  Thyroid  Parathyroid  Pancreas  Adrenal glands  Testes  Ovaries

Endocrine System – Care  Eat nutritious meals  Get enough sleep  Avoid stress

Endocrine System – Problems  Amenorrhea  Diabetes  Hypertension  Hypoglycemia  Sterility

Skin System - Problems  Abrasion  Burns  Dandruff  Frostbite  Lice  Melanoma*  Poison ivy

Immune System – Problems  Allergy  Autoimmune disease  AIDS/HIV*

Eye Care - Problems  Conjuctivitis Teeth and Mouth – Problems  Leukoplakia  Tooth decay