Life Span Chapter 8 Preschool

Age – 3-6yrs

Height & Weight Height – 2 ½ inches / year Weight – 6 pounds / year

Body proportions Subcutaneous tissue –  Adipose tissue –  Trunk growth ___ extremity growth – <

Muscle & Bone Development 75% of weight gain due to – Muscle growth

Muscles & Bone Development Hips rotate – Inward  – Adduction of the foot

Muscle & Bone Development Long bones – Red marrow  – Yellow marrow Flat bones – Red marrow Skull, Sternum, Pelvis – Blood cell production

Teeth Tooth decay Plaque Dental visits – Q 6 months

Sensory Development Vision – 20/20 – By age 5 Depth perception Color Hearing – Ear infections

Vital Signs Pulse – / minute Resp – / min BP – 100 / 60

Gross motor 4 yrs – Walking / running Tip toes – Hop & balance One foot – Stairs Alternating feet – Climb & jump – Tricycle – Catch a ball with arms 5 yrs –  Coordination – Jump rope – Skip – Balance beam – Catch a ball with hands – Sports

Fine motor Self-care – Front /back – Spoon / fork – Toiletting Draw Scissors Printing name

Sexual Development Genital awareness Strong attachment to parent of – Opposite sex Masturbation

Psychosocial development: Initiative Explore! Pretending

Psychosocial development: Discipline Set limits Discipline teaches  – Impulse control Explore feelings

Psychosocial development: Jealousy – Affection – Attention – Recognition

Preschool education Purpose? – Cognitive – Motor – Social

According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is a pre-school age child? A.Analytical B.Pre-conventional C.Sensorimotor D.Conventional E.Pre-operational

Cognitive development Centration – Single focus (person with a mask)

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility – How 2 actions relate

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility Transductive reasoning – 2 simultaneous events  one caused the other

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility Transductive reasoning Symbolic functioning

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility Transductive reasoning Symbolic functioning Animism – Objects have human feeling & intentions (Grandma T’s microwave)

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility Transductive reasoning Symbolic functioning Animism Intuitive thought – Believe without knowing why

Cognitive development Centration Lack reversibility Transductive reasoning Symbolic functioning Animism Intuitive thought No class inclusion – Can not see an object as belonging to 2 groups

Cognitive development Language & Memory Egocentric – Share – Take turn – Follow rules Creative Increased attention span

Communication 4 yrs – 4 word sentences – Who, what, where – Nouns, verbs & adjectives 5 yrs – 5+ word sentences – 2,000+ word vocabulary

Nutrition Caloric intake – 1,800 cal /day

Sleep and Rest hours / night Nap – 1 a day (if) – 30 – 60 minutes Nightmares

Play Cooperative / associative play – Follow rules – Share – Take turns Symbolic play continues Audience Imagination Imaginary friends

Play Building confidence

Play Imagination

Play T.V.

Safety Car seats

Safety Water safety

Safety Stranger Danger

Health Promotion Booster shots – DPT Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus – IPT Polio vaccine

Thumb sucking Malalignment of the teeth

Enuresis Bed-wetting – Boys _____ Girls – Boys > Girls

Fears Dark Mutilation Abandonment

Handling Fears 1.Acknowledge 2.Reality 3.Reassure

Fear of the dark

Fear of mutilation

Fear of Abandonment Do NOT sneak or lie!

Safety Car seats Injuries Strangers

Thumb sucking Malalignment of the teeth

Bed-wetting Enuresis

Fears Dark Mutilation Abandonment