*The Nervous System* By: *Jasmine Wright* Donte Nelson

*Importance* Major controlling, regulatory, & communicating system in the body Center of all mental activity Thought Learning Memory

Sensory input-eyes see something Hands touch warm surface Send messages straight to your brain Integration-interpretation of things you have felt, tasted, and touched with your sensory cells Motor output Brain sends a message through neurons to effecter cells, muscle or gland cells Functions

The nervous system is composed of both central (brain & spinal) and Peripheral components, with the latter having both somatic & autonomic (Parasympathetic & Sympathetic) subdivisions *Components of The Nervous System*

Anatomy & Physiology Neurons- structural units of the nervous system Conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another Extreme longevity Amitotic High metabolic rate Neurotransmitter- language of the nervous system Neuron communicates with others to process & send messages to the rest of the body Sleep Thought Rage Hunger Memory Movement Smile reflect the doings of these versatile molecules

Different Types of Nervous System *Different types of The Nervous System* Central Nervous System Brain & Spinal Cord Control Center Peripheral Nervous System Cranial nerves & spinal Nerves Communication between the CNS & rest of body ANS Involuntary Controls cardiac & smooth muscles & glands SNS Voluntary Controls skeletal muscles Sympathetic Mobilizes body systems Fight/Flight Parasympathetic Functions during rest Rest/Digest

TermDefinitionCauseEffect Bell’s Palsy Form of neuritis that involves paralysis of the facial nerve Unknown (recovery may occur spontaneously Weakness of the muscles of one side of the face Cerebral Palsy Nonprogressive disorder of movement Attributed to damage to the brain Lack of balance, and intelligence, posture & speech Motor Neuron Disease Progressive degenerative disease of the motor system occurring in middle age Some are inheritedAffects the cells of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the motor nuclei in the brainstem, & the corticospinal fibers Sciatica Common condition arising from compression of, or damage to a nerve or nerve root Degeneration of an intervertebral disc Pain in back & outer side of the thigh, leg, & foot Parkinson’s Disease Degenerative disease process (associated with aging) Associated with a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine Tremor-affects one hand Diseases /Disorders

Effects of Drugs & Alcohol *Most Widely Used Stimulants* Caffeine Nicotine -Nicotine binds to a subset of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. ACh is a neurotransmitter at synapses early in the pathways of sympathetic stimulation. Although a weak drug in one sense, nicotine is strongly addictive. The use of chewing gum and skin patches containing nicotine is designed to satisfy the craving for nicotine while avoiding the serious health effects of other ingredients in cigarette smoke.acetylcholine (ACh) receptors Amphetamines Cocaine- Amphetamines and cocaine bind to — thus blocking — transporters used for the reuptake of dopamine (and noradrenalin) into presynaptic neurons. This causes the level of dopamine to rise in the synapses. High levels of dopamine in an area of the brain called the nucleus acumens appear to mediate the pleasurable effects associated with these (as well as other) psychoactive drugs.nucleus acumens

Effects Of Drugs & Alcohol Alcohol's primary target is the central nervous system (CNS), where it influences neurotransmission to produce intoxication. Difficulty walking Blurred vision Slurred speech Slowed reaction times Impaired memory AFFECTS THE BRAIN!!!

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