SESAME SESAME = Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East 1 Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel

Outline Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 2 History Management Injector Storage-Ring-Magnets Storage-Ring-RF Storage-Ring-Vacuum Shielding Cooling Beam-Lines

The Evolution of SESAME 1990’s: A scientific cooperation as a vehicle of peace in the Middle East been proposed;I n particular, Middle East Scientific Cooperation (MESC) group, based at CERN (Sergio Fubini, Eliezer Rabinovici, Herwig Schopper, Tord Ekelof…) 1997: Original idea (Voss, Winick); Upgrade/rebuild BESSY 1(0.8 GeV) in the Middle East, as centerpice for a new international research center. Voss presents the concept to a MESC meeting in Turino. 1999: 1st meeting at UNESCO; (Interim) Council established – Herwig Schopper, President Decision to build a new 2.5 GeV ring (still using BESSY injector) Ground breaking for building; completion in – Chris Llewellyn-Smith takes over as Council President Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 3

Foster excellent science and technology in the Middle East (and prevent or reverse the brain drain Build bridges between diverse societies SESAME-Members: Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Iran, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestin, Turkey. Observers: Brazil, China, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA. SESAME-Mission Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 4

The means have become available to built up SESAME now! Iran, Israel, Jordan, Turkey will contribute 5 M$ within next four years. Pakistan might contribute in kind. CERN/EU contribute 5 M€ for the purchasing of the magnet system. Italy will contribute 1 M €. Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 5

Financial Aspects till 2016 Income EU-CERN: 5.00 M€ Jordan: 4 x 1.25 M$ Turkey: 4 x 1.25 M$ Israel: 4 x 1.25 M$ Iran: 4 x 1.25 M$ ? Sum: 26 M $ ? Injector-upgrade0.9 M€ Magnets and PS:5.0 M€ Girder:0.8 M€ Vacuum:3.0 M€ RF:3.0 M€ Diagnostics:1.5 M€ SR-Cooling:0.5 M€ Cabling:0.5 M€ Commissioning:1.5 M€ Control-System1.1 M€ Safety P+A0.8 M€ Front-Ends:0.5 M€ Sum [€]19.0 M€ Sum [$]23.3 M$ 10%25.6 M$ Machine:25.6 M$ 4 Beamlines upgrade: 8.7 M$ Guesthouse+ 1.3 M$ Sum 35.6 M$ Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 6

Project-Development Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 7

Operational-Cost-Development Power: Based on 4000 h operation time, 10 GWh / y Salary: Increase employees Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 8

Organization Design/Mechanics Maher Shehab Thaer Abu-Hanieh Akrum Al-Homoud Ahmad Ateieh Open position 2012 N.N. Machine-Physics Maher Attal (optics,+). Mohammad Ebeni (Jan.2013, magnets) Koryun Maunkyan (2013). Cooling/Vacuum Firas Mahahleh Osama Nour Mohammad Al-Nadjdawi Adel Amro Saed Budair Beamlines XABS:Messaoud Harfouche IR: Ibraheem Yousef Open Position 2012 Computing Salman MAtalgah Mustafa Zoubi Control (Ziaulhaque Qazi) left 2013 Ibrahim Saleh Abdallah Ismail Radiation-Safety Adli Hamad Morteza Mansouri Electronics/Electric Sofian Javar (Power supplies) Ifikhar Abid (pulsed PS) Osama Khader (Electric) Yazeed Momani (beam-lines) Farouq Al-Omari (beam-lines) RF/Diagnostics Darweesh Foudeh Nashat (RF) Alaa Alkurdi (RF) Hussain Al-Mohammad (D) Administration Sonia Al-Faques (Assistant) Majeda Salama ( Purchasing) Ayman Al-Zoubi (Human resources) Ibrahim Radwan (Accountant) Abd Al Mawla Gnaimat(Bus- driver) Khaled Al-Zoubi (2013 Bus- driver) Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 9

Layout of SESAME Experimental Hall EUV BL SAXS-WAXS IR XRF-XAFS VUV PX PD 3 Accelerator Microtron: 20 MeV Booster: 800 MeV Storage-ring: 2500 MeV Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 10

Microtron in Operation, Beam in the transfer line Achieved: Energy: 22MeV Pulse-Width:1 µs Pulse-Current:4 mA 3 mm 4.4 mm Magnet Field: T Diameter: 2.22 m Energy gain/turn: MeV Max. e-Radius: 0.67 m No turns: 42 RF frequency: 3.00 GHz RF-Peak-Power: 2 MW Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 11

Pulsed-Magnets Principle Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 12

Pulsed Magnets Parameter Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 13 ElementTypeLengthKickPulse length L [µH] U [V]I [A]C [µF]Field Injection Septum Electrostatic Half sine R: 2 m14.5°250 µs MV/m Injection Kicker Stripline Half sine L: 0.3 m3 mrad6 µs T Extraction Bumper Iron Magnet Half sine L 0.17 m5 mrad1.7 ms T Extraction Kicker Stripline Flat-top L: 1 m2 mrad40/190ns Ω 20 m PFN T Extraction Septum C magnet, eddy current Half sine R: 5.73 m 10°560 µs T General Policy for the Booster: Keep BESSY Magnets. Replace Power-Supplies.

Booster-Optics Energy GeV Circumference38.4m Emittance170nmrad Mom.Compaction0.18 Energy loss14keV Tune2.2 / 1.3 Chromaticity-2.0 / -0.5 Periodicity6 Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 14 horiz.foc.qp vert. foc. qp. dipole

Booster-Magnets Quadrupole Number12 / 6 Gradient5.77T/m Length0.25m Bore-78mm Current146A No windings4 x 24 Resistance0.054Ω Inductance6.8µH Dipole Number12 B-field1T Radius2.67m Gap40mm Current1000A No windings2x16 Resistance0.015Ω Inductance8.6µH Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 15

Power-Supplies and Control Main Magnet PS; 4-quadrant DP: 1000 A, +/- 350 V QF: 120 A, +/- 100 V QD: 120 A, +/- 50 V PLC Booster-control-rack To warranty reliability: All Power-supplies and Control-units will be new. Vacuum chamber mounting Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 16

Storagering Half Cell 1.46 T T/m 17 T/m 10 T/m 90 T/m T/m 2 SESAME: 16 x Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 17

SESAME-Optics Energy2.5GeV Current0.4A Periods8DBA Circumference133.2m Tune horiz. / vert.7.25 / 5.19 Nat. Chroma. h / v-14 / -14 Emittance (ε x )25nm Mom. Comp Radiation loss0.6MeV Low vertical beta Beta function: β x, β y : σ x = √(ε x β x ) σ x‘ = √(ε x /β x ) Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 18

Dynamic Aperture Electron beam size about 1x0.1 mm 2 Some Electrons are scattered into cm range. Might not get focused again and get lost. Dynamic Aperture gives space, they are captured again. Tune (h x, h y) : Scattered electrons oscillate with h x, h y cycles per revolution. If h x, h y has certain values, oscillations are not damped. Particles can get lost. Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 19

CESSAMag-Project Erhard Huttel, SESAME-Council 28./29.May Design done! Design-Reports done (Attilio Milanese (CERN))! Multipole tolerances for magnets defined (Maher Attal) Specification written, approved, (published) Request for Tender out, closed Contracted to (still confidential) CERN Jean-Pierre Koutchouk Davide Tommasini Attilio Milanese Louis Walckiers Theodor Tortschanoff SESAME Erhard Huttel Maher Attal Maher Shehab Firas Makahleh Mohammad Ebeni ALBA Montse Pont CERN SESAME agreement: EU CERN agreement FP7:

Storagering Magnets Dipole: B: 1.46 T B’:2.79 T/m L: 2.25 m Quadrupole: B’: 17 (-9) T/m L: 0.28 (0.1) m Sextupole: M: 90 (-140) T/m 2 l.: 0.1 m First punched laminations Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 21

Design Dipole Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 22 Dipole B-field1.455T Gradient2.79T/m Radius5.729m Mag. Length2.25m Gap40mm No windings2 x 48 Current500A Voltage40V

Quadrupole Design Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 23 QuadrupoleQFQD Gradient17-10T/m Int. Gradient5.1T Bore-Diameter70 mm Iron-Length.28.1m No windings4 x 34 4 x 19 Current240195A Voltage112.5V

Sextupole Design Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 24 SextupoleSHSV Corr. Chromaticity+5 M = ½ B’’ = B(r 0 )/r T/m 2 Int. Strength9-14T/m Bore-Diameter75 mm Iron-Length.1 m No windings6 x 14 Current86135A Voltage23V Corrector v Int. Field0.004Tm Amp-Turns4 x 800A Corrector h Int. Field0.004Tm Amp.-Turns4 x 300 / 2 x 600m Skew Quad Int. Gradient0.85T/m Amp.-Turns2 x 1050A

Magnet Specification Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 25 Steel: Lamination: 1 mm Burr: < 25 µm Coercitifity: < 70 A/m Carbon content: < 50 ppm Silicon: < 100 ppm H [A/m] – B [T] Shuffling Swopping Coils: 2 thermo coupler per coil Isolation test: 5 kV Inductance, p-p: < 4 % Resistivity, p-p: < 2 % Mechanical tolerances Dipole Lamination: Form-tolerance (pole):< 30 µm Form-tolerance (interface): < 50 µm Flatness:< 50 µm Yoke: Length:< 0.5 mm Angularity: < 0.1 mm Flatness (pole):< 0.1 mm Mechanical Tolerances Quadrupole Lamination: Form-tolerance (pole/else):< 30/100 µm Angularity:: < 30 µm Shim-distance, p-p:< 30 µm Diameter distance p-p: < 50 µm Planarity: < 50 µm Yoke: Length:< 0.5 mm Angularity: < 0.05 mm Planarity:< 0.05 mm Tolerances ~ 50 µm

Storagering Power-Supplies No of magnets No in series Current [A] Voltage per magnet [V] Voltage per PS [V] Power per PS [kW] Dipole Quadrupole-H Quadrupole-V Sextupole-H Sextupole-V Corrector-H Corrector-V Skew-quad161 Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 26

Girder-Design Design ready 6 feeds 3 struts used for transverse and longitudinal adjustment 3 jacks used for vertical adjustment and clamping Magnet Position defined by pins Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 27

Girder-Design Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 28 Dipole to be moved out by trolley Vacuum chamber lifted in from top

RF for Electron-Synchrotrons Electrons with higher energy take longer path, see less voltage Low energy electrons High energy electrons E [GeV] B [T] U [keV] No Cav. Over Voltage P cav. [kW] Pbeam [kW] P total [kW] Booster SESAME x ESRF x5220 x 3020 x U = 26.5 E 3 B Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 29

Cavities E beam [GeV] U loss [keV] P beam [kW] P total [kW] Radiated Synchrotron Radiation Power has to be compensated by the RF system 500 MHz Microwave feed into cavities. Type of cavities not yet decided: KEK II/PF, Elettra, EU Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 30

500 MHz 80 kW Solid-State-Amplifier X 16X 10 4 x Syn.Rad. Losses: (200 mA 600 kV) / 4 = 30 kW Cavity Losses: (400 kV) 2 / (6 MΩ)= 25 kW 4 Cavities:220 kW 0.65 kW10 kW 80 kW Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 31

Vacuum-Chamber Electron beam chamber 70 x 28 mm 2 Syn.Rad. is passing into ante chamber Syn.Rad. is absorbed on lumped absorber, Pumps beneath Installed Ion-Pumps: 16 x ( 2x 300 l/s l/s) Pressure 10 h Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 32

Vacuum-Pumps SIP2 300 l/s SIP4 (150 l/s) SIP3 300 l/s TSP 1 TSP 2 SIP1 150 l/s SIP5 150 l/s SIP6 150 l/sSIP7 150 l/s SIP6 150 l/s SIP5 150 l/s Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 33

Vacuum Development Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 34 SR hits wall Gases are desorpt SR cleans wall, vacuum is improving lifetime is increasing N ph = I(A) E (GeV) = p(mbar) = η N ph / S S eff = l/s η = p(mbar) = η = η = 10 -6

ANKA,SLS,..SOLEIL (Heidenreich PSI) Stress reduction by allowing expansion Tmax: 150 Tbound: 50 Tmax: 123 Tbound: 30 Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 35

Lifetime Elastic scatteringτ elastic : ~ 1/p E 2 (a / β) 2 Inelastic scattering τ inelastic : ~ 1/p ln(dε/ ε) Touscheckτ touscheck : ~ E 2 σ x σ y σ z (d ε / ε) 3 / I B E [GeV] Elastic [h] Inelastic [h] Tousch. 1 % accept. [h] Tousch. 1.5 % Accept. [h] Total [h] Pressurep (N 2 ): mbar Energy acceptancedε / ε : 1.5% Bunch sizeσ x :0.5mm σ y :0.1mm σ z :10mm Bunch currentI B :2.5mA Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 36

Shielding / Radiation Safety 37 Side-Wall: 1m concrete Front-Wall:1m concrete m lead Allowed dose: < 1 mSv/y (Allowed dose for Non-Radiation Workers) Radiation Monitor Electron -loss:γ,n cascade2500 MeV Inelastic scattering:gas-Bremsstrahlung25 MeV Synchrotron Radition:50 keV Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel

Radiation-Safety Radiation Monitors purchased: 5 movable +2 portable stations: Gamma: 10 nSv/h – 1 Sv/h 30 keV -10 MeV Neutrons: 10 nSv/h – 0.1 Sv/h 25 meV – 100 MeV Bids closed for interlock system based on Safety PLC Rules: Keep radiation level < 1 mSv / y (2000 h) 0.5 µSv/h Offline-Monitoring (TLT) local provider with coarse monitoring Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 38

Cooling System Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 39 Tunnel Air conditioning Heat-exchanger, Pumps Chillers, Cooling towers

Power Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 40 Electric PowerCooling Capacity Cooling Tower Compressor 400 kW2x kW Chilling water tank Pumps100 kW Heat Exchanger 2 x 870 kW Pumps120 kW Air-Conditioning300 kW 600 kW De Ionized Water Circuits: SR Magnet500 kW RF Amplifier250 kW RF-Cavities 200 mA125 kW SR Absorber (200 mA)125 kW Booster (PS)100 kW Sum kW Design by SESAME (Firas Makahleh) Done by local provider: (Alpha-Amman) Volume: 2 M $, Built up:

Control System Architecture Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 41 Control-room: Linux-PCGUI: EDM (↓) → CSS Server Layer:Virtual Servers (EPICS Middle layer) Field Layer:PLCEmbedded ControllerVME (↓) Ethernet Moxa replaced by no longer continued

Field-Devices Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 42 BO-Vacuum-PLC IonPump controller Splitter box IMG controller Moxa Master- oscillator VME crate MRS Timing

Day One Beamlines MethodEnergy-RangeRemark X-ray Absorption/Fluorescent3-30 keVROBL (ESRF) Powder-Diffraction3-25 keVSLS Infrared eVNew Protein Crystallography4-14 keVDaresbury To be done: Employ Beamline-Scientist for PD and PX Do Lab set up of PD beamline Do Lab set up of PX beamline e-critc.: 6 keVe-critc.: 19 keV e-critic: E 2 B Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 43

Accelerated electrons emit ‚Electromagnetic Waves‘ Electrons in a dipole ‘move‘ like the ones in an antenna. The ‚antenna‘ is moved (by speed of light). The waves are compressed in forward direction. The radiation becomes ‚harder‘ : microwave, light, x-rays. The radiation is peaked in forward direction. What is Synchrotron Radiation? Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 44

Insertion Device Dipole: one large radiation fan Insertion: n superimposed small radiation fans Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 45

Absorption Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 46

Diffraction Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 47

XAFS-Beamline (ROBL-ESRF) Beamline Components set up in lab Under Test with ESRF experts Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 48

XAFS-Beamline (ROBL-ESRF) Source Bend0 m1.5 T 1. Mirror v7 m8000 m3 mrad DCM h15 m2.6 m10° 2. Mirror v18 m8000 m3 mrad 1. Image h/v30 m1:1 / 1:1111 / 72 µm KB v33 m333 m3 mrad KB h33.5 m183 m3 mrad 2. Image h/v33.7 m1:0.1 / 1: / 15 µm Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 49

Powder-Diffraction Wiggler-Parameter Length2m Period60.5mm No. Pols63 Magnet gap14 / 10 / (7)mm Vacuum gap12 / 8 / (5)mm Field1.1 / 1.5 / (1.9)T Wiggler0 m1.5 T63 poles 1. Mirror v17 m8000 m3 mrad DCM h19 m2.6 m10° 2. Mirror v22 m8000 m3 mrad Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 50

PX-Beam-line Model Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 51

IR Edge/Constant-Field Radiation 0.02 eV 0.2 eV Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 52

IR Microscope at SESAME Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 53

Status Accelerators: Microtron: Microtron is running (2012) Booster: Booster is being built up (expect operation end 2013) Storagering: Design done (2006) Magnets: purchased by CERN (delivery end 2015) Vacuum: Tender request published Building:Shielding wall is done (besides lead shielding) Cooling plant and Air Conditioning finished (EU/Jordan funded) Radiation Safety system purchasing in process Beamlines:Floor-planes in work Test of components for XAF started IR microscope purchased Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 54

Next Steps (2013) Accelerator: Finish built up of Booster and start commissioning End 2013 Tendering: Vacuum pumps, Valves, Bellows, RF cavities, RF Amplifier, SR cooling-piping, Girder. Design review with manufacturer Magnets, Vacuum, Personal Safety System. Bodrum, UPHUK-5, Sep..2013, Erhard Huttel 55 Storage-ring ready for commissioning end 2015