Recreational Therapy: An Introduction Chapter 7: Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities PowerPoint Slides

Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability (ID) refers to a group of disorders characterized by a limited mental capacity and difficulty with adaptive behaviors such as managing money, telling time, or handling social interactions appropriately. Intellectual disability originates before age 18 and may result from physical causes as in the case of autism or cerebral palsy or from nonphysical causes such as extreme environmental deprivation, lack of stimulation, and adult responsiveness. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)

Developmental Disability Developmental disability (DD) is a term used to describe a group of conditions that express themselves during periods of time within which key developmental milestones typically are achieved. By interfering with the achievement of developmental milestones, DD has a significant long-term impact across areas such as physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication skill development. (Crawford, 2015, p. 140)

APA levels of intellectual disability  Mild Intellectual Disability (85% of persons with ID)  Moderate Intellectual Disability (10% of persons with ID)  Severe Intellectual Disability (3% to 4% of persons with ID)  Profound Intellectual Disability (1% to 2% of persons with ID)

Maladaptive and Deficient Behaviors of Persons with ID and DD “Many persons with ID and DD present with maladaptive and deficient leisure behaviors. Maladaptive behaviors reduce the likelihood of integration into the community and may include actions such as self-stimulatory hand flapping, body rocking, bizarre vocalizations, and repetitive motions or verbalizations. Deficient behaviors include inappropriate use of leisure materials (e.g., holding a magazine or book upside down, throwing game pieces) or incomplete performances of leisure behaviors (e.g., hitting the ball off the T, but not running to base).” (Crawford, 2015, p. 149)

Purpose of RT  “The purpose of recreational therapy is to facilitate the development, maintenance, and expression of an appropriate leisure lifestyle for the person with ID or DD.” (Dattilo & Guerin, 2001, p. 136)  The phrase leisure lifestyle refers to the day-to-day behavioral expression of a person’s leisure-related attitudes, awareness, and activities. (Peterson, 1981)

Three areas of service:  Treatment  Leisure Education  Recreation Participation

Areas for Leisure Education  Leisure appreciation  Self-awareness  Decision making  Self-determination  Leisure activity skills  Community skills  Social skills  Leisure resources