Report on Accelerator Center QIN Qing Accelerator Center, IHEP 24 Oct., 2013

Outline Mission and History Personnel Research and Achievements Management Plan and Outlook for Future Development Self-evaluation and summary

1. Mission and History One of the key divisions in IHEP from 1973, when IHEP was established. Main force on large science facility construction since BEPC. Supporter to the future projects in IHEP.

Mission Develop accelerator physics and technology Design, construct, and operate the accelerator- based large science facilities Support the transfer of accelerator technology to civilian technology Train student and young scientists/technicians for future projects

History 1973 Accelerator Division (Head: Shu Zhou), when IHEP founded 1977 Accelerator Department (Head: Long He) 1982 Proton Linac Division (Head: Qingyi Zhou) Electron Linac Division (Head: Shu Zhou) Storage Ring Division (Head: Jianming Xu) Control and Beam Instrumentation Division (Head: Shiyao Liu) Mechanics and Vacuum Division (Head: Kaixi Huang), merged into Storage Ring Division in 1991 Radiation Safety Division (Head: Jianping Li) 1998Accelerator Center (Head: Yingzhi Wu), joined by Linac, Storage Ring, Control and BI, and Radiation Safety divisions Proton Linac Division joined Accelerator Center

Milestones Accelerator Center was founded BEPCII project approved in principle by the centre government BEPCII construction started CSNS approved in principle by the central government BEPC ring shutdown and dismantled after successful operation of 17 years BEPCII passed state acceptance test and started operation for users ADS project started CSNS construction started 2013 Luminosity of BEPCII reaching 7.08×10 32 cm -2 s -1, ADS spoke cavity hori. test, CSNS construction…

Administrative Secretary Science Committee Accelerator Center Microwave Accelerator physics RF Power supplyMagnet Mechanics VacuumControl Beam diagnositics BEPC Operation Radiation protection SuperconductingProtonCryogenics ILC Power Sorce 2. Personnel

Human Resource Basic facts (until Sept. 2013) Staff: 307 (104 of Dongguan) Graduate student: 95 Temporary staff: 35 Total > 400 Researchers: 35% Engineers: 56% Executives & Supporting Staff: 9% Researchers: 35% Engineers: 56% Executives & Supporting Staff: 9% Personnel in Projects BEPCII: 71 CSNS: 154 ADS: 52 BAPS,ILC, …… : 30 Personnel in Projects BEPCII: 71 CSNS: 154 ADS: 52 BAPS,ILC, …… : new staff  >100% Will keep increasing in the near future

Personnel Structure Staff No.Age Educational Background TitleType 307 < >55 13 Doctor 73 Master 149 Bachelor 65 College 17 Middle school 3 Professor 37 Associate 76 Assistant 112 Junior 82 Researcher 105 Engineer 176 Technician 21 Secretary 5 Doctor & Master degree: > 70% Strong R&D ability and deep potential CAS Hundred-Talent Program: 3 NSFC Distinguished Youth: 2 Excellent Talents

Title/Age< >55Total Percentage （ % ） Professor Associate Assistant Junior Total Percentage （ % ） Personnel Status Suitable age and title structure, fit for academic and R&D major Young and vigorous: Associate & Assistant are main forces Sustainable development

Supporting team Experienced technicians 82% technicians get the University/College diploma In responsible of recruiting and fostering new technicians with a higher degree Title/Age< >55TotalPercentage Senior technician % Technician % Assistant technician % Total %

Administrative Director: Qin Qing Deputy directors: Ma Li Fu Shinian Chi Yunlong Cao Jianshe Science Committee Leader: Gao Jie 5 Secretaries: 3 for the whole center 2 for CSNS project

Collaborations around the world Labs: ANL, BNL, CERN, FERMI, KEK, IMP, INFN, Jlab, LANL, NSRRC, NSRL, SINAP, SLAC, etc. Projects: LHC, SSRF, HLS, etc. Int’l committee: ICFA, ACFA, CMAC, SAREC, IAC of J-PARC, etc. Int’l conference and workshop committees, such as IPAC, NaPAC, LINAC, WAO, ARW, ICHEP, etc.

3. Research and Achievements 1982 – 1998, Design, construction, operation, and luminosity upgrade of BEPC – now, Upgrade project of BEPC (BEPCII), Design, construction of CSNS, Study and develop on ADS key technologies – now, SC RF cavity, waveguide, accelerator tube, power supply, vacuum tech, etc., and accelerator physics studies.

BEPCII Construction Started in 2004

Ceremony of BEPC Ring Shutdown in July 2005

Commissioning and operation of BEPCII

CSNS project R&D, and mass production

Groundbreaking on 20th Oct., 2011

ADS project Main linac (IHEP ， IMP) The proton accelerator is being built by IHEP and IMP together. This project started from early 2011.

Development of accelerator technology

POST He gas return pipe 80K shield 8K shield 2K two-phase helium High power coupler Vacuum port 4.5K forward 40K forward 8K return 80K return Cryo-module for EXFEL Cryo-module for 9-cell SC cavity Cryo-module for BEPCII SRF cavity

Microwave element

Power sources and suppliers

Accelerator physics studies - examples Design study on BEPCII, CSNS, ADS, BAPS, and ILC/DR. Beam-beam simulation code with strong-strong model, developed and used in the BEPCII. Electron cloud effect code, developed and used in the BEPCII and CSNS. End to end particle dynamics simulation code, developed for proton linac study. Join the laser plasma acceleration collaboration.

Education, training, publication Graduate student courses (Accelerator physics, Accelerator technology, etc.) Accelerator physics and tech serious seminars BEPC training course Organizing and parti- cipating OCPA AS, USPAS, CAS, US-Japan-Russia- CERN Acc. School, etc.

Graduated students in past 14 years

30 Publications ( ) No. of publications including journals and proceedings

Accelerator technology transfer Waveguide components Various kinds of magnets Acceleration tube & turn-key linac Others

Collaborations around world

Achievements and Awards Top National Science and Technology Progress Awards — The Beijing Electron Positron Collider (1990) First-grade National Science and Technology Progress Award — The Beijing 35MeV Proton Linear Accelerator (1991) First-grade Beijing Science and Technology Progress Awards — BEPCII positron source (2008) First-grade Gansu Science and Technology Progress Awards — Superconducting Magnet Power Supply (2008) Second-grade Beijing Science and Technology Progress Awards — BEPCII dual aperture quadrupole magnet in IR (2008)

4. Management Director panel of Accelerator Center --- Director and deputies, and the chair of Science Committee. Important decisions made in the bi-weekly meeting of the director panel. Coordinate all the projects undertaken by Accelerator Center in manpower, laboratory apparatus, etc., prioritizing large projects and tasks from other funding.

Shortage of manpower makes some individuals have to work for different projects --- manage in a “matrix” way: BEPCII CSNS ADS BAPS …… Accelerator Physics Accelerator Technology Support AP PS RF

Short term task of accelerator center –Promote the peak and integrated luminosity of BEPCII, try our best to reach the design value. Run BSRF as stable as possible. –Finish the construction of CSNS, reach the design value of beam power and neutron flux. –Develop the key technology of ADS, reach the expected goal of ADS pre-leading project. –Carry on the R&D of the Beijing Advanced Photon Source. 5. Strategy and Outlook for Future Development

Mid term projects oriented research –Beijing Advanced Photon Source (BAPS) is planned, with its R&D project to proposed. Some key accelerator technologies and accelerator physics need R&D, including Accelerator physics study High-precision quadrupoles and sextupoles Pulsed sextupole for injection SC wiggler and low temperature undulator Some beam diagnostics components Mechanics and girder Stability study including mock-up tunnel RF power source and 5-cell cavity

An ERL experimental facility is also under study, which can provide experience for the large ERL at the future upgrading phase of BAPS. The key technologies include: –low-emittance, photo-cathode DC-gun –SC RF cavities in continuous wave operation mode –high precision timing system –diagnostics system for low-emittance –short-bunch electron beam –insertion devices for high-brilliance radiation.

Long term projects oriented research - CEPC+SppC A circular e+/e- collider as Higgs Factory has been studying at IHEP. If it can be built in 10 years from now, it will put China as one of the key players in high-energy physics. The machine can be converted into a proton-proton collider for tens TeV high-energy frontier. e  e + Higgs Factory pp collider CEPC ： 240 – 250GeV SppC ： 50 – 90 TeV

Long term projects oriented research - MOMENT After neutrino experiments at Daya Bay and JUNO which both are based on reactor neutrinos, a longer term project based on accelerator neutrinos is also under study at IHEP. MOMENT (MuOn-decay Medium baseline NeUTrino beam facility) is a dedicated machine to measure leptonic CP violation.

International collaborations International Linear Collider (ILC/CLIC) –Accelerator physics –R&D studies (final focus, positron target, SRF etc.) Novel accelerator concepts –Laser plasma acceleration: domestic and international collaboration Muon cooling and acceleration –Collaboration with International study on Neutrino Factory Circular Higgs factory Light sources (ring-based, ERL, FEL)

Challenges More national projects have to be operated, constructed and finished. Lack of manpower, especially the top level scientists, experienced technicians, and young talents. Less innovative research work. Insufficient budget and labs for technology development. Less support from industry.

Possible solutions Put the talents of all trained personnel to rational use, increasing efficiency. Try to get more basic technology development budget from different fields, like CAS, MOST, NSFC, etc. Make better use of the budget of all projects, combine project construction better with research work. Attract more talents all over the world.

6. Self-evaluation and summary Self-evaluation –Developed with the 1 st HEP accelerator construction and operation in IHEP, and with some other new facilities being built now, Accelerator Center is now in the leading position of accelerator field in China. –Some accelerator physics study and accelerator technologies R&D are in well-developing. –Aimed at the top level labs in the world, main challenge comes from the shortage of manpower, especially experienced talents in all areas of accelerator.

Summary The Accelerator Center is developed along with the development of accelerator physics and technology, for both high energy physics and user application. Operation, construction large scientific facilities are the main tasks of the Accelerator Center in the short-term. For long-term development, next generation high energy physics facility and user platform will be the direction of Accelerator Center. More young talents are needed for the future.

e  e + Higgs Factory pp collider CEPC ： 240 – 250GeV SppC ： 50 – 90 TeV ILC collaboration

Thanks for your attention!