Можно ли создать долгоиграющую мышь? Геном и парагеном Парагеном – материальный носитель программы продолжительности жизни А.М. Оловников, ИБХФ РАН.

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Presentation transcript:

Можно ли создать долгоиграющую мышь? Геном и парагеном Парагеном – материальный носитель программы продолжительности жизни А.М. Оловников, ИБХФ РАН

Aging and Paragenome Key message of this presentation: the cause of cellular aging and aging of the whole organism cannot be understood without a knowledge of PARAGENOME Paragenome is an entity that is new for gerontology and molecular biology

Redumeres, or redusomes, are perichromosomal organelles

Notion on a PARAGENOME It is postulated that small perichromosomal DNA molecules (redumeres) should appear in nucleus during differentiation in the course of morphogenesis. Paragenome is a total assortment of perichromosomal DNA molecules. Paragenome originates as copies of usually silent regulatory segments of nuclear genome. Nevertheless, paragenome exercises control over genome: its products modulate the activity of structural chromosomal genes.

Redusomes in different chromosomes and in various differentiations

Regulatory RNAs transcribed from redumeres modulate the activity of structural genes of chromosomes

Interpretation by cells of positional information using redumere mechanism Source Sink Concentration gradient of inducer various multicellural structures

There are two main types of redumeres: 1. Printomeres (located in dividing cells; necessary for differentiation in morphogenesis) 2. Chronomeres (located in postmitotic cells of hypothalamus; necessary for the control of flow of biological time during individual development) Thus, paragenome comprises a set of printomeres and a set of chronomeres

Using paragenome, individual development of organism proceeds: in space (morphogenesis and growth of a body occur with participation of printomeres) and in time (chronomeres as elements of paragenome are responsible for marking in time some developmental events, such as e.g. the onset of puberty and menopause).

SYNTHESIS OF REDUMERE

Telomere shortening

In dividing cells, telomere shortening proceeds simultaneously with printomere shortening, but just the latter one is responsible for the Hayflick limit

Two types of biological clocks

Set of chronomeres is a material carrier of the program of human life span Chronomeres’ shortening is a pivotal mechanism of aging of higher animals, human beings including

Cancer Rises Exponentially with Age. Why? Age Incidence Cancer Rises Exponentially after critical truncation of chronomeres

На пути к увеличению мышиной жизни Необходимо: идентифицировать редумеры в мышиных фибробластах идентифицировать их продукты и, кроме того, акромеры (акромера – это аналог теломеры в редумере) Предотвратить старения фибробластов мыши возможно удлинением акромер либо компенсацией редумерных продуктов Последующие этапы – идентификация хрономер и вмешательство в их работу in vivo

Заключение Программа ПЖ имеет собственный носитель (парагеномная ДНК), который не только закономерно укорачивается, но и как любой материальный объект может подвергаться случайным повреждениям (под влиянием паразитарных ROS и т.п.) В этом суть дуализма процесса старения: программа ПЖ не изнашиваема (ибо информация не материальна), но носитель программы ПЖ потенциально изнашиваем (ибо парагеном материален)

Спасибо за внимание

Scrupting and chromosome nest for redusome

Life-span clock ticks in brain due to chronomere truncation