PRIME: A Novel Educational Model for Preparing the 21 st Century Workforce Pilot Project Involving University of California San Diego Computer Network Information Center, China Monash University, Australia National Center for High-performance Computing, Taiwan Osaka University, Japan Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD Peter Arzberger, UCSD David Abramson, Monash University

The Stakes are High “What nations don’t know can hurt them. The stakes involved in study abroad are that simple, that straightforward, and that important. … college graduates today must be internationally competent.” [Lincoln Report 2005]

Why Should We Care? “Most of the major problems facing our country in the 21st Century require every young person to learn more about the world’s regions, cultures, and languages.” [Colin Powell] Our society is heterogeneous, multicultural Less than 1% of US undergraduates in US study abroad [IIE AnnRep05] “Diverse teams are more creative and find better solutions than homogeneous teams.” Nokia CEO Jorma Ollila. Students must be prepared to compete globally for jobs and opportunities

Vision for Undergraduate Education “encourage every student to complete an ‘international experience’ that would include either study, research, or work abroad.” [Bartlett04 – Harvard University Review Committee]

Pacific Rim Experiences for Undergraduate (PRIME) Providing students international interdisciplinary Research Apprenticeships and Cultural Competency Learning Experiences Begun in 2004 as a proof of concept for honing undergraduate research and cultural competency skills an intensive international experiential learning experience

About UCSD: The Institution Innovation and interdisciplinarity the tradition Budget: $2.2 billion (24% federal, 12% State) Students: –Fall 2007: 45,000 applications (second highest in UC system); Admitted freshman GPA 4.06; SAT-I 634 Critical Reading, 670 Math, 640 Writing –FALL 2006: 26,876 Enrolled –1 st nationally: students abroad in full-year programs –4 th nationally research institutions- international scholars hosted Specialize Resources: –SDSC, IRPS, SOE, SIO –Calit2: “Living in the future”, Multidisciplinary Approach to Societal Issues Rankings: –“Hottest” institution in the nation for students to study science (Newsweek and the 2006 Kaplan/Newsweek College Guide)

About UCSD: Rankings “Hottest” institution in the nation for students to study science (Newsweek and the 2006 Kaplan/Newsweek College Guide) 7th in the nation in National Academy of Sciences membership 7th best public university in the nation, and 32nd among the nation’s top 50 universities.(U.S. News and World Report) 8th nationally for best values in public colleges in the U.S (Kiplinger's Personal Finance) 13th internationally (2005 Academic Rankings of World Universities conducted by Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China)

About UCSD: Research Impact 5th in the nation in federal R&D expenditures (NSF – 2005) 7th highest-impact research institution in the nation from , based on the citation impact of published research in science and the social sciences (Thomson Scientific) Jacobs School of Engineering ranked 3 rd (U.S. News, 2007 survey) –Bioengineering program ranked 3 rd

UCSD: Hub of Community Cyberinfrastructure Development Biomedical Informatics Research Network (NIH). PI: Mark Ellisman OptIPuter (NSF). PI: Larry Smarr GEOsciences Network (NSF). PI: Chaitan Baru CAMERA – Metagenomics (Moore Foundation). PI: Larry Smarr National Biomedical Computation Resource (NIH). PI: Peter Arzberger PRAGMA (NSF). Grassroots international CI collaboration. PI: Peter Arzberger NOTE: All above have Phil Papadopoulos as co-PI; leading Rocks development Others: Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NSF). PI: Ahmed Elgamal; Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI, NSF). PI: John Orcutt; More

Calit2: Multidisciplinary Lab Working in the Future Future is now –Work on technologies that will be commonplace in 5 to 10 years Multidisciplinary by design –“New mechanism to address large-scale societal issues by bringing together multidisciplinary teams of the best minds” Home/co-home of many CI projects: –OptIPuter, CAMERA; OOI, NBCR, PRAGMA Interact with industry (by design) –Bi-directional transfer of ideas and people

PRIME: Merging Campus Units and Programs to Create a Novel Model Sixth College –“historical and philosophical connections among culture, art and technology“; experiential learning Academic Internship Program –Course credit and career counseling International Center –Cultural awareness, international experience Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) –Network of people and projects focused on use or development of cyberinfrastructure

pragma -grid.net Overarching Goals PRAGMA “A Practical Collaborative Framework”. Strengthen Existing and Establish New Collaborations Work with Science Teams to Advance Grid Technologies and Improve the Underlying Infrastructure In the Pacific Rim and Globally

PRAGMA Member Institutions KU NECTEC TNGC Thailand UoHyd India MIMOS USM Malaysia ASGCC NCHC Taiwan AIST CCS CMC NARC OsakaU TITech Japan BII IHPC NGO Singapore MU Australia APAC Australia JLU China CalIT2 CRBS SDSC UCSD USA CICESE Mexico NCSA StarLight TransPAC2 USA CNIC China CRAY PNWG USA KBSI KISTI Konkuk Korea APAN Japan

PRAGMA Overview and Approach Process to Promote Routine Use Team Science Application-Driven Collaborations ApplicationsMiddleware Routine Use Lab/Testbed Testing Applications Building Grid and GOC Multiway Dissemination Key Middleware Workshops and Organization Information Exchange Planning and Review New Collaborations New Members Expand Users Expand Impact Outcomes Improved middleware Broader Use New Collaborations Transfer Tech. Standards Publications New Knowledge Data Access Education

PRAGMA Highlights of Simulating the Australian Monsoon and the Effect of Wildfires PRAGMA Biosciences Portal PRAGMA Leads Application Experiment of Grid Interoperation in GIN Testbed PRAGMA Establishes Certificate Authority (CA) Using Naregi-CA Software Expanding the Collaboration Grid Building Communities, Catalyzing Collaborations PRIME and PRIUS More accomplishments in the Working Group sections

PRIME: Leveraging Campus Strengths Student Quality, Units Strengths, Projects Leadership A Microcosm of Diversity 23% of the undergraduate students immigrants 43% of the students speaking a language in addition to English (of those more than 50% a language from the Asia Pacific rim) Faculty and Researchers –More than 15 researchers and faculty – Location

Actively Involved 2007 Kim Baldridge, Comp. Chemistry, Grid Mark Ellisman, CI, BIRN, NCMIR Jason Haga, Bioengineering Masa Hoshijima, CRBS, Heart Roy Kerckhoffs, Bioengineering Wilfred Li, NBCR, CI, Avian Flu Andrew McCulloch, Cardiac Modeling Anushka Michailova, Cell Modeling Tomas Molina, NCMIR Jurgen Schulze, Visualization

PRIME Model Research UCSD then HOST Researchers Prior Year Students Culture Prior Year Students and Staff Undergraduate Students Project Definition & Dual Mentors Project Preparation Project Conduct Project Review & Presentation e.g., SCXY Pre- Departure Weekly Questions Post- Return Research Experience Cultural Awareness Confidence Transformation Globally Aware Workforce PROGRAM OUTPUTS Collaborations Publications Software Host Site- Researchers PRIUS Publication Career Advice Human and Professional Network of PRAGMA

Currently there are 4 host sites: Osaka, NCHC, Monash, CNIC; Plan to add 5 more sites: USM, NTU, U Auckland, U Waikato, U Hyderabad; And 2 new US mentoring sites: NCSA, U WI Monash U Australia Source Cindy Zheng PRIME Host Sites Osaka U Japan UCSD USA UZurich Switzerland CNIC China NCHC Taiwan AU Photo: Iwen Wu

PRAGMA Host Institutions and Mentors Osaka University –Shinji Shimojo, Susumu Date –Biogrid, Telescience, Tile Display Walls –PRIUS* Monash University –David Abramson –Computer Science (Nimrod), Compt’l Chem, Cardiac Modeling, … –Joint Paper* National Center for High-performance Computing –Whey-Fone Tsai, Fang- Pang Lin –Ecogrid, Tile Display Walls, GEOGrid –GLEON, CREON* –Major Individual Award Computer Network Information Center –Baoping Yan, Kai Nan, Zhonghua Lu –Bioinformatics, Networking, Tile Display Walls, Geosciences –Avian Flu Grid* NCREE: Earthquake Engineering

PRIME 2005 – Presentations at iGRID 2005 Phylogeny Determined by Incomplete Protein Domain Content, I.Lee, CNIC A visualization of network measurements, J.Lee, CNIC Deployment and Extension of JuxtaView for the Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment, C.Cheung, NCHC Developing the Interface between PDA and Sensors, O Langman, NCHC* (from U Wisconsin) Visualizing internet connectivity using Cytoscape, S.Lee, NCHC Extending EcoGrid Capability, D.Leu, NCHC* BOINC as a Nimrod Resource for Quantum Chemistry, J.Hwang, Monash Computational Grid Tools for Protein-Ligand Docking Studies, L Berstis, Monash Modeling Cardiac Rhythm Alternation, J.Nevo, Monash SNPs, Protein Structure and Disease, D.Bitton, Monash Computational Cardiac Modeling, D.Dederko, Monash The Development of A Querying System for Structured Metadata in a Datagrid Environment, J.Chen, Osaka Visualization Tools for Bio-molecular Simulation, C.Liang, Osaka A Bio-molecular Simulation Portal, E.Wang, Osaka prime.ucsd.edu/presentations

PRIME 2007 Projects (some) –Avian Flu (CNIC) –Molecular Screening (Osaka) –Quantum Chemistry (Monash) –Tile display walls (CNIC, NCHC, Osaka) –Cardiac Modeling (Monash) –Imaging Pipeline (Osaka) –Computational materials modeling (NCHC) Mixture of new projects and continuing ones Total number of students 15 Source: L. Cheng Source: A. Altshuler, I Wu Source: C.Chang, D Goodman, M Levesque

Cultural Competency and Its Stages [LaBrack] Start by Observing Differences – Not judging them Unconscious incompetence –“…the state of blissful ignorance… unaware of cultural differences … or that you may be making cultural mistakes or misinterpreting much of the behavior going on around you. You have no reason not to trust your instincts; Conscious incompetence –“You now realize that differences exist between the way you and the local people behave, though you understand very little about what these differences are, how numerous they might be, or how deep they might go.”); Conscious competence –“You know cultural differences exist, you know what some of these differences are, and you try to adjust your own behavior accordingly. It doesn’t come naturally yet”) Unconscious competence –“You no longer have to think about what you’re doing in order to do the right thing. Culturally appropriate behavior is now second nature to you; you can trust your instincts because they have been reconditioned by the new culture.”.

Questions During Experience Pre-Departure - Anticipation: –What do you look forward to; what do you worry about, what will you miss most/least, what is the biggest single challenge? During Stay: –Logistics; Critical Incidences; Communication Styles; Most valuable lesson and how that impacts your view of host and home culture; What you has wished you’d known; Wow will you preserve your memories; Wow will you integrate your new perspectives into your life?

Critical Incidents Lead to Awareness A n occurrence that in some way raises questions and leads the participants to wonder ‘What just happened?’ and ‘Why?’ EXAMPLES (2006): –American TV Programming: Isn’t everyone rich, and all females act like Carrie Bradshaw (star of Sex in the City) (China, Taiwan) –National Image over Individual Rights: Flight attendants on Air China –Individual or the Group: Value of groups to support others versus the “lone cowboy” (China and Taiwan) –Work Ethic: Very strong compared to US, emphasizes productivity and team work as the path to professional success –Willingness to Help: Surprise in Taiwan in helping when car was stuck; In Australia when individuals seemed lost –Food: Japanese love food (quality, not quantity) –Hierarchy: In Japan, there is a hierarchy based on social status –Dress: In Japan and Australia, more formal – and if not observed, people will respond differently. –World View: Australians look more at the global picture of important issues better than Americans –Conservation: Toilets in Australia What’s Up With Culture: On-Line Cultural Training Resource for Study Abroad ( (LaBrack)

Value to Host Institution Expose and train their staff to work in an international context Build local workforce Build collaborations via student and projects Conduct research Internationalize host institution Question was motivated by discussion from NSF program officer

Evolving Face of PRIME Launched 2004 # students –9,13,14,15 # women –0,5,8, 8 Added CNIC in 2005 Engineers and now science, art Geographic Spread –Monash: 17 –Osaka: 14 –NCHC,NCREE: 11 –CNIC: 9

Lessons Learned - Improvements to the Program Language is important. The Spring Quarter is a crucial preparation period. Identifying a mentor and creating a project are application barriers. Aggressive recruiting is required to assure gender parity. Previous students are effective recruiters (and mentors). [Wu06].

PRIME, PRIUS and PRAGMA SC05 and SC06

Publications and Software Amaro R, Minh DDL, Cheng L, Olson A, Lin JH, Li W, McCammon J, Remarkable Loop Flexibility in Avian Influenza N1 and its Implications for Antiviral Drug Design, Journal of the American Chemical Society, ASAP Web Release Date: 01-Jun-2007; (Communication) DOI: /ja Abramson D, Amoreira C, Baldridge K, Berstis L, Kondrick C, Peachey T. "A Flexible Framework for Protein-Ligand Docking", submitted for publication2nd IEEE International Conference on e- Science and Grid Computing. Dec. 4- 6, 2006, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sudholt W, Baldridge K, Abramson D, Enticott C, Garic S, Kondrick C, Nguyen D. Application of Grid Computing to Parameter Sweeps and Optimizations in Molecular Modeling. Future Generation Computer Systems (Invited), , Two more in progress Cytoscape Plug In: Hyperbolic Layout Plugin –Robert Ikeda –

In Their Own Words “I can say without question that my involvement with PRIME, more so than any course I took, helped give me the level of professional understanding and maturity that I believe will be necessary for success in graduate school, a professional career, and beyond. The leadership skills and firsthand technical experience gained through working in international collaborative environments are invaluable assets to our generation of engineers and scientists, who must learn to function on the ever-growing stage of global research.” – John Colby, PRIME 2004 (UCLA Med School) I hope this year's PRIME group is shaping up well for the summer- I don't think any of the candidates can really know until they graduate just how valuable the program is. It definitely had a huge impact on me (it's fun to talk to your coworkers about spending 10 weeks working in another country during college!). – Chris Kondrick, PRIME 2004 (Heavy Iron Industry)

In Their Own Words I recently received and accepted a summer internship at Abbott Vascular as an R&D engineer. I was told that historically, 80% of the interns are offered full-time positions at the conclusion of the internship. …. My participation in PRIME began a cascade of events and taught me lessons that guided me through various research and internship experiences… [The program] taught me the importance of networking and creating something out of that network. Ian Lee – PRIME 2005

In Their Own Words Language: –“I would like to be a part of that (i.e., China’s growing economy) in the future. However, it will be impossible if I can’t read or write the language.” Lisa Zhao 2006 Experiential Learning: –“Knowing about a culture and experiencing a culture are completely different things.” Robert Sy 2006 – “I heard a lot about living in Japan from Japanese friends at UCSD. It was not until I lived there that I began to understand what they were talking about.” Marshall Levesque 2006 Transformational: –“I understand now that I need to be able to accept failure, and build myself up again and begin the work with the same passion and energy that I originally had. I should not associate failure with disappointment, but think of it as a learning experience that causes me to seek other ways of approaching certain difficulties.” Mahboubeh Hashemi 2006 (Abbott Labs)

YouTube Google “Pacific Rim Experiences youtube”

Tracking - Partial 36 in first three years; 15 in year 4 (2007) Graduate School (9): Stanford (CS), USC (BioEng), UCSC (CS), Columbia (BioEng), UCSD (ECE, BioEng, CSE), U Zurich (Chem), UCLA (Med) Industry (6): Amazon.com, Abbott Vascular (2), Heavy Iron Studios, Intuit, KPFF, More work to do in the future

PRIME Model Extended Osaka University

From Pilot to Sustainable Program The overarching goal of our next steps Apply what we have learned from the pilot program in order to Develop an integrated and sustainable undergraduate international research program that –Serves as a model for undergraduate education in the 21 st Century at a world-class research university, –Prepares students to become effective global professionals and citizens, and –Gives students a head-start on careers in science and technology research

Key Future Activities Build a Sustainable Program - that can scale Enhance the Program (research, location, culture) Transfer, Assess, and Disseminate our model, lessons learned and experience

Building a Sustainable Program Develop example in specific program: Bioengineering –40% of the students in first 3 years were BioEng Engage activities in Calit2 –Interaction with industry, innovative dissemination Provide model for UCOP Create Steering Committee to work program into mainstream UCSD activities

Enhance the Program Improve the quality of the research experience by starting it earlier and extending it longitudinally through continued research Build cultural awareness curricula modules Extend the program to new sites

Currently there are 4 host sites: Osaka, NCHC, Monash, CNIC; Plan to add 5 more sites: USM, NTU, U Auckland, U Waikato, U Hyderabad; And 2 new US mentoring sites: NCSA, U WI UZurich Switzerland UoHyd India USM Malaysia NCHC Taiwan NTU Singapore Monash U Australia NCSA USA U Auckland U Waikato New Zealand CNIC China Source Cindy Zheng U WI USA Osaka U Japan PRIME Host Sites UCSD USA

Current and Future Sites Host InstitutionKeyResearch Areas1 ST Yr CMC, Osaka University, JapanDr. S. Shimojo, Dir.; Dr. S. Date, Researcher Telescience, Bioinformatics, IPv6, HDTV, Data Grid, Tile Display 2004 Monash University, Melbourne Australia Dr. D. Abramson, Prof., Computer Sci. Grid Computing, Geosciences, Compt’l Chemistry, Bioengineering, Bioinformatics 2004 NCHC, Hsinchu, TaiwanDr. FP Lin Grid Application Lead Grid Computing; EcoGrid; Visualization; Telescience; Tile Display Technology 2004 NCREE, (with.NCHC), Taipei, Taiwan Dr. KC Tsai, Director Earthquake Engineering and its Cyberinfrastructure 2004 CNIC, CAS, Beijing, ChinaDr. K.Nan, Scientific Databases; Dr. Lu Data Grids, Bioinformatics, Astronomy, Geosciences, Tile Display Technology 2005 U of Waikato, Hamilton, NZProfs. D. Hamilton, Eco., T. McGregor, CS ecology; networking, wireless technology; modeling; GLEON 2008 Nanyang Tech. U, SGProf. F. Lee, Asc ChairGrid Computing and Accounting Systems2008 U. of Auckland, NZProf. P. HunterBioengineering2008 U. of Hyderabad, IndiaDr. A. AgarwalGeosciences2008 U. Sains Malaysia,Dr. H. WahabCompt’l Chemistry, Grid Computing2008

Transfer, Assess, and Disseminate Transfer program to other sites –U Wisconsin and NCSA Assess Students and Program –Work with Bruce LaBrack Disseminate the research, lessons learned, and cultural awareness curriculum –Multimedia 15

Interaction with Industry: Strategic Advice and Feedback Advisory Committee: –Understanding industries need directly can improve the program’s goal to educate students so that they become culturally aware and develop the skills to work in multi-cultural, multidisciplinary teams. Charge for an Advisory Board: –Assess efficacy and quality of program, in terms of knowledge and experience gained by student –Provide advice to improve students preparation for a career (in industry, government, academics) –Help to connect the PRIME program to other interested industry partners

Benefits and Expectations in Partnership with Industry Benefits –Interact with talented, highly motivated beginning researchers and possibly influence their career decisions –Help shape program to benefit US Workforce –Identify possible future employees –Learn more about Calit2 and UCSD –Make connections with other parts of their corporation in host site countries – and build ties between PRIME/PRAGMA mentors in those countries. Expectations –Attend Annual Meetings at UCSD Interact with students, who will give presentation of their projects –Advocate for the program and its goals in their own companies and in their industry –Assess the quality of the program

Why we must succeed? and How? Lincoln Report makes clear the essential need for our students We need partners to succeed.

Is Industry Willing to be a Partner? Dialog: Are we creating a workforce for industry? For your industry? Advice: What would be a value to industry? To your industry? Interaction: How can we get advice? Support: What would this entail?

PRIME: Key Ingredients Research Apprenticeship –Immersion in “real” research –Dual Mentors –Creating Project And doing this as part of the application process –Presenting Results Experiential Learning of Culture –International Settings –Pre, during, and post experience mentoring and curriculum Multiple campus components that are complementary –E.g. Sixth College, AIP, International Center, Bioengineering department Students from previous years engaged as mentors, recruiters Host sites willing to commitment to long-term involvement Professional Preparation –Research Experience captured on transcript –Professional seminar in resume preparation and highlighting the experience Human “support AND research” network in place: PRAGMA

Acknowledgments Linda Feldman, AIP Bill Clabby, Program Abroad UCSD, soon ISA: International Studies Abroad as Regional Director of University Relations Teri Simas, Program Coordinator Mentors atUCSD and Host Sites NSF OISE Calit2: Ramesh Rao, Larry Smarr PRAGMA: Phil Papadopoulos, Mason Katz, Cindy Zheng, Wilfred Li PRIME Students

A Final Thought “Peace and prosperity around the world depend on increasing the capacity of people to think and work on a global and intercultural basis. As technology opens borders, educational and professional exchange opens minds.”[i][i] [i] Annual Report IIE 2005, and “About”

PRIME 2007 and Beyond Questions? With President Miyahara Osaka U NCHC’s New Facility Taichung Monash U in Melbourne Melissa DiCiero-Monash Lao She Tea House Thank You