Cell Organelles and Organization

What to consider? Prokaryote- organisms that lack nuclei (bacteria) Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants and animals)

CELL WALL Location: outside perimeter Found in prokaryotes and plants Function: gives cells its shape and protection

Cell Membrane Location: Outside perimeter Also called Plasma Membrane Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals Function: controls what enter and leaves the cell

Structure of Cell Membrane Selectively Permeable: pick and chose what is allowed to enter/exit

Nucleus Plants and Animals Function: Control center for metabolism and reproduction

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Plants and Animals Function: makes ribosomes

Cytoplasm Location: Jelly-like substance in between cell membrane and nucleus Plants and Animals & Prokaryotes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Plants and Animals Function: highway of cell; moves material from one end to the next

Two Types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): ribosomes attached Smooth ER: no ribosomes

Ribosomes Located in all cells Function: makes proteins

Goligi Bodies or Complex Plants and Animals Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes Modify and transport proteins to parts of the cell

Lysosome Plants and Animals Garbage disposal; break down food or bacteria

Mitochondria Plants and Animals Powerhouse of cell Produces energy for the cell

Microtubules Eukaryotes (plants and animals) Gives cell shape

Microfilaments Eukaryotes (plants and animals) Involved with cell movement

Centrioles Inside cells Eukaryotes- Animal only Function: cellular division

Capsule layer of polysaccharide (sometimes proteins) protects the bacterial cell Prokaryotic cell

Vacuoles Plants: one large Animals: several small ones Function: digest food or remove excess water (similar to sponge)

Peroxisomes membrane-bound packets of enzymes. In plant cells, peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration. In animal cells, peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.

Chloroplast Contains chlorophyll; site for photosynthesis Plant cells

Organization of Cells in Living Things:

Unicellular Organisms Example: bacteria, fungi, algae Able to carry on all life processes

Multicellular Organisms Cells---Tissues---Organ--- Organ Systems

Tissue Group of cells that are similar and perform same function Types: epithelial (skin), connective (bone), and muscle to name a few

Organ Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function EX: Stomach, Liver

Organ System Group of organs that work together to perform a function EX: digestive system