Cell Organelles Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet. Run through the entire presentation before using it in class so that you know what’s coming next! It helps to print the outline and notes to have with you while presenting so that there are no surprises. –JessB.org

Cell Organelles Organelle= “little organ” Found only inside eukaryotic cells You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

Nucleus Found ONLY Eukaryotes Found in BOTH plant and Animal cells in the cytoplasm Control center of the cell that contains DNA Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

Cell Membrane Found in BOTH PROKARYOTES and EUKARYOTES Found in BOTH plant and animal cells Located outside the cytoplasm Controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell. Emphasize word parts here: phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail bi= 2

Cytoplasm Found in BOTH PROKARYOTES and EUKARYOTES Found in BOTH plant and animal cells Location outside the nucleus or in between cell membrane Jelly-like material where All organelles reside (live and float around in) Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

Ribosome Found in BOTH PROKARYOTES and EUKARYOTES Found in BOTH plant and animal cells Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytoplasm Site of protein synthesis (produces proteins) A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Found in EUKARYOTES ONLY Found in BOTH plant and animal cells Located in the cytoplasm Responsible for producing lipids and TRANSPORTING proteins. It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

Golgi Apparatus Found in EUKARYOTES ONLY Found in BOTH plant and animal cells Located in the cytoplasm Stores, modifies and packages proteins AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

Lysosomes Found in EUKARYOTES ONLY Found in ANIMAL cells ONLY Located in the cytoplasm Garbage disposal of the cell that contains enzymes that break down wastes Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.

Mitochondria Found in EUKARYOTES ONLY Found in BOTH plant and animal cells Located in the cytoplasm “Powerhouse of the cell” that does Cellular respiration to produce ENERGY for the cell Explain that this diagram shows the mitochondria cut open to reveal the internal membranes.

Chloroplast Found in EUKARYOTES ONLY Found in PLANT cells only Located in the cytoplasm Site of glucose production called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

Cell Wall Found in PROKARYOTES and EUKARYOTES Found in PLANT cells ONLY Located outside of the cell membrane Rigid structure made of cellulose that provides PROTECTION and SUPPORT. This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

Plasmid Found in Prokaryotes ONLY NOT found in PLANT or ANIMAL cells Located in the cytoplasm of bacteria cells Circular pieces of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contains genetic information. Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

Chromosome Found in BOTH PROKARYOTES and EUKARYOTES FOUND IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS. IN PROKARYOTES – FOUND IN CYTOPLASM IN EUKARYOTES – FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS Thread like structures that contains DNA

Vacuoles Found in Eukaryotes ONLY Found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells. Found in cytoplasm Large in PLANT CELLS but very small in animal cells. Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

Prokaryote vs Eukaryote EUKARYOTES Evolved from prokaryotes Have a nucleus Hereditary info is contained within the nucleus Ex: Animals, Protists, Fungi, Plants PROKARYOTES First cells to evolve No nucleus Eukaryotes Hereditary info is contained within cytoplasm Ex: Archaeabacteria, Eubacteria

Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, LARGE central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.

REVIEW UNTIL THE BELL CLICK THE FOLLOWING LINK TO REVIEW SO MORE!! REMEMBER TEST IS FRIDAY!!! http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm