Periodic Table

Periodic Periodic means “happening at regular intervals” The days of the week are periodic Repeating pattern **Name some Periodic things in your life - Mendeleev found that the elements’ properties followed a pattern that repeated every seven elements He used the repeating pattern of properties to predict the properties of new, undiscovered elements.

Periodic Law The law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

Periodic Table Info Each square on the periodic table shows Name, Symbol, Atomic Number, and average Atomic Mass Element Symbols are shown in different colors – shows the state of matter at normal room temperature. Symbols are universal – same in all countries First letter is always capitalized, second letter is always lowercase.

Arrangement of Per. Table Rows are called periods – the pattern of properties repeats with each period Columns are called a group or family – each element in a family shares similar characteristics or properties

Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Shiny Shiny/Dull Dull Malleable Not Malleable Not malleable Good conductors Semi-conductors Insulators Solids Gases

Alkali Metals Group 1 of the periodic table The most reactive metals because they can easily give away their one outer level electron So reactive that they are Only found combined with other elements in nature Shared properties include: softness, color, shininess, low density

Alkaline-Earth Metals Group 2 on the periodic table 2 outer level electrons – less reactive than alkali metals Shared properties include: color, higher density than alkali

Transition metals Groups 3-12 on the periodic table Very rarely react with other elements Properties shared: shininess, good conductors, higher densities and melting points than elements in groups 1 or 2 Family 11 also called coinage metals (gold, silver, copper)

Boron Group Group 13 on Periodic Table Family contains 1 metalloid and 5 metals Reactive Solids at room temperature All have 3 electrons in outer level

Carbon Group Group 14 on Periodic Table All have 4 electrons in their outer level All solids at room temperature

Nitrogen Group Family 15 on the Periodic Table All have 5 electrons in their outer energy level 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals Solid at room temp (except Nitrogen)

Oxygen Group Family 16 on the Periodic Table All have 6 electrons in outer energy level Reactive 3 nonmetals, one metalloid, and one metal All but Oxygen are solid at room temp.

Halogens All Nonmetals Family 17 on Periodic Table Very reactive Poor conductors of electricity. Violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts

Noble Gases Family 18 on Periodic Table 8 electrons in outer level Totally unreactive Colorless, odorless gases at room temp