Michigan High School Science Meap Test Biology Review

LC. Biology Cells Benchmark 2 Compare and contrast ways in which selected cells are specialized to carry out particular life functions.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Types Cell membrane No true nucleus No membrane-bound cell organelles Cytoplasm Kingdom Monera-- Bacteria Cell Membrane True nucleus Membrane-bound cell organelles Cytoplasm Kingdoms-- Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Fungi

Animal Cell Cell membrane mitochondria lysosome Golgi body Smooth ER Rough ER Nucleus cytoplasm

Plant Cell vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi Body Cell Membrane

Specialized Cells Neuron Red Blood Cells Cells in onion root

Chloroplast

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Converting light energy into food Exciting electrons in chlorophyll to reduce Carbon dioxide to glucose (sugar) Using water to replace electrons in chlorophyll Giving off oxygen as a waste product

Cell Membrane

EndocytosisExocytosis

Cell Membrane Insulin Protein Receptor

Osmotic Pressure

Classifications of organisms by cell type plant, animal, bacteria Selected specialized plant and animal cells red blood cells, white blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, root cells, leaf cells, stem cells; Cell parts used for classification Organelle, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane; Specialized functions reproduction, photosynthesis, transport; Cell shape Key Concepts

Tools: microscopes

Reproduction, growth, response, movement, etc. of animals and plants. Functions of bacteria. Real-world contexts

Bacteria

Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) a.plantplant b. prokaryoteprokaryote c. now extinct organismnow extinct organism d. animalanimal

a. plant Incorrect: although plants do have cell walls, they also have a nucleus and mitochondria Return to the Question

b. prokaryote Correct: The most distinguishing feature of prokaryotes is their lack of a nucleus and membrane bound organelles including mitochondria (and also endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, chloroplasts, vacuoles). The do have a cell wall. Return to the Question

c. now extinct organism Incorrect: There is no way to tell this with the information given. Return to the Question

d. Animal Incorrect: Animals do not have a cell wall and do have mitochondria and nuclei Return to the Question