QW#4 Where does life come from? I will be able to label and describe the parts of cells. I will be able to tell someone about the scientists who started cell theory.

State Standards 6th Grade; Life Science #1Explain that many of basic functions of organisms are carried out by within cells and are similar in all organism 6th Grade; Life Science #3 7th Grade; Life Science #1 7th Grade; Life Science #7 7th Grade; Life Science #8

The Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. The cell is the basic unit of life.

Robert Hooke English Naturalist Was the first to use the term cell. Looked at cork cells under the compound microscope.

Francesco Redi Italian Doctor It was previously thought that maggots spontaneously grew. Redi disproved this theory. He took 8 jars of rotting meat and covered 4 with muslin. The jars with muslin developed no maggots but the open jars had maggots This is important because cells come from other cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Anton was a Dutch scientist who is considered “the Father of microbiology.” The first scientist to see animalcules, or tiny living things

Cells

The Cell Membrane Controls movements into and out of the cell Is semi-permeable, or selectively permeable. Is made of a phospho-lipid bi-layer. Helps maintain the shape of the cell.

Cytoplasm Jelly-like material which contains materials involved in cell metabolism. Gives the cell its shape

Chromosomes Contains code that guides all cell activities They are found in the nucleus. Chromosomes contain the genes that determine an organisms characteristics.

The Nucleus and The Nucleolus Serves as the control center of the cell and contains Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Nucleolus- Contains RNA Nuclear membrane – Control what goes in or out of the Nucleus. Animal, Plant and Eukaryotes have these three organelles Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell

Mitochondria Power House of The Cell. Makes ATP/ Energy These organelles are more plentiful in active cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports materials throughout the cell. Rough ER contains Ribosome's. Smooth ER has no Ribosome's Transports materials throughout the cell.

Ribosome's Grain like Structures Sites of protein synthesis

Golgi Bodies Packages and secretes the proteins made by the Ribosome's. Look like stacks of pancakes.

The Centrioles Involved in cell division Produce Microtubules that pull chromosomes apart. Microtubules also give the cell structure. Are found inside the nucleus.

Lysosomes Powerful chemicals that break things down.

Vacuoles Plays a role in intercellular digestion Store food and water. Are much larger in plant cells.

Prokaryote Have no formed nucleus Are unicellular Are very disorganized. Have a cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, bacteria have cell membrane Bacteria are prokaryotes

Bacteria

Eukaryote Have a Nucleus Have cell membrane bound organelles Are very organized. Can be singular or multi-cellular. Have these other organelles; nuclei, mitochondrion, lysosome, golgi apparatus, ribosomes

Plant Cells Have two main differences from animal cells 1. Cell wall = a tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds a cell 2. Chloroplasts = organelles found in plant and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis

Matthias Schleiden and Rudolph Virchow Schleiden was a German Botanist who was co-founder of cell theory (Structure) Schleiden discovered that all plants are made of cells Schleiden worked with Rudolph Virchow who was a German Doctor