Kingdom Protista

Protists are united on the basis that they are not fungi, plants, or animals link between single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria) and the plants, animals, and fungi

The kingdom Protista is thought to Have evolved about 1.5 billion Years ago!! The protists contain life forms that gave Rise to the 3 kingdoms of multicellular Organisms – fungi, plants, and animals.

KINGDOM PROTISTA Autotrophs green algae brown algae red algae diatoms dinoflagellates euglenoids Heterotrophs amoeboids ciliates zooflagellates sporozoans plasmodial slime molds cellular slime molds water molds Organisms separated based on feeding behaviors

binary fission

Historically, scientists have referred to Heterotrophic protists as protozoa, and To photosynthetic protists as algae. We will talk about the protists in Three groups, Animal like, Plant like, and Fungi like.

Animal-like protists classified by the 4 ways they move: Cilia 1) Cilia - Flagellum(a) 2) Flagellum(a) - Coordinated movement between individual cilia Back and forth wave motion tiny beating hair-like structures whip-like tail(s) All heterotrophs

Pseudopodia - 3) Pseudopodia - Animal-like protists classified by the 4 ways they move: projection of cytoplasm that sticks out like a foot (“false foot”) Sessile 4) Sessile - No locomotion (_________)movement

1. Amoeba  just visible to the naked eye  moves by pseudopodia which give appearance of cell changing size and shape  comes from the Greek word amoibe which means “change” Animal-like protists - Examples  unicellular  aquatic - lives in ponds, ditches or slowly moving streams  can cause disease – amoebic dysentery  ingests small organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

1. Amoeba Animal-like protists - Examples  feeding sequence  psuedopodia surround and engulf food particle  process called phagocytosis

2. Paramecium Animal-like protists - Examples Unicellular, slipper-shaped move by coordinated beating of many cilia aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams

2. Paramecium - continued Animal-like protists - Examples Feeding occurs in the funnel-shaped gullet (buccal cavity) where food is drawn in by external and internal cilia to form food vacuole ingests organic detritus and other small organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

protist that reproduce by forming spores sporozoans named Plasmodium causes malaria its caused by female mosquitoes humans get malaria when bitten by an infected mosquito mostly common in tropical areas Sporozoa do not move on their own they are usually parasitic Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like) Animal-like protists: The Sporozoan

Have chlorophyll Make their own food salt water soil tree bark freshwater PLANT-LIKE PROTIST they produce large amounts of oxygen which are used by other living organisms they are grouped according to color & stucture into 5 main groups: 4) red dinoflagellates 2) diatoms 5) algae 1) euglena 3) dinoflagelletes

they are grouped according to color & stucture PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d A) Euglena B) Diatom C) Dinoflagellates D) Red Dinoflagellates E) Green Algae

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d A) Euglena- one celled alga that moves with one flagellum red eyespot near front end to find light…Why? lives in fresh water reproduces asexually have chlorophyll and can make their own food ( ) autotroph

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d B) Diatom beautiful one celled protists come in many shapes EX: boats, rods, disks, triangles important food source for water dwelling animals cell covering is made up of 2 overlapping parts made of the same material as glass Think of a box with a lid cell coverings do not decay (when dead) used for toothpaste, scouring powders, & filters

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d C) Dinoflagellates Algae that is usually found in oceans Usually brown or red in color Have hidden chlorophyll due to dark pigments Move by two flagella

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d produce large numbers which turns the ocean red responsible for “red tides” produce chemicals that kill thousands of fish humans can become ill if they eat shell fish that have absorbed these chemicals common off the coast of Florida or other warmer areas

 Red Tide 

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d E) Green Algae Come in many different forms can be unicellular or multicellular usually found in “colonies” Colony – a group of cells that live together they produce O 2 in H 2 O serve as food for fish, snails, and crayfish desmids spirogyra chlorella

EX: volvox colony Arranged in a single layer with flagella facing outward The flagella beat and the colony spins through the water PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d Algae Examples EX: Kelp (brown algae) …aka….“sea weed” used by humans for food also used to thicken food such as ice cream and jelly

FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST Slime Molds: fungus-like protists that are consumers live in cool, damp places EX: forest floor feed on bacteria growing on rotting logs and decaying leaves some are parasites (very few)

One of the greatest effects protists Have on humans is that they Cause disease.

They can also be good for us. Protists make up much of the plankton In the seas which support entire Food webs. And, green algae are the largest Group of photosynthesizers on The planet, making most of our oxygen.

Amebic Dysentery is caused By Entamoeba histolytica. You get it from contaminated food or water. Bloody diarrhea, vomiting, Extremely strong stomach ache.

Giardiasis is caused by Giardia lamblia. You usually get this from contaminated Water, this is usually called Backpackers diarrhea.

African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense. This usually comes from bites from The tsetse fly. You will get a high fever, weakness, And possibly die.

Malaria comes from Plasmodium species. You can get this from a mosquito bite, Unless you have sickle cell. The symptoms are fever, chills, sweats, And eventually death.

And lastly, Taxoplasmosis can come From contact with infected cat feces, Or improperly cooked meat. This comes from Taxoplasma gondii. The only real danger is fetal. This can Cause brain damage, and death In fetuses.