Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table

Skim Section 1 of your book Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the illustrations. How was the periodic table developed? What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids? How is the periodic table organized?

New Vocabulary group metalloid representative element metal transition nonmetal period column of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical or chemical properties. element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmentals element in Groups 1, 2, or 13-18 element that has a shiny luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile element in Groups 3-12 element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and does not conduct heat and electricity well row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually

Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table I. Mendeleev’s contributions A. Arranged elements according to increasing atomic mass B. Placed elements with similar properties in groups C. Left spaces for predicted missing elements II. Moseley’s contributions A. Arranged elements according to atomic number B. Showed how many elements had not yet been found.

Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table Distinguish a period from a group by completing the sentences. A period is a row of elements. A group is column of elements with similar properties.

Metals Nonmetals Metalloids shiny malleable (hammer) ductile (wires) good conductor of heat, electricity solids dull brittle (break) not good conductors many are gases share some properties with metals and some with nonmetals semimetal

LABEL the block below with the information you would find about hydrogen in its element key. element name symbol 1 atomic number atomic mass state of matter 1.008

GROUPS REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS 1 18 TRANSITION ELEMENTS 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 P E R I O D S 7

Section 2: Representative Elements 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17

Section 2 Representative Elements ACTIVE A. Groups 1 and 2 are __________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and shares properties with Groups 1 & 17. 1. ______________________ - silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table. 2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points and are slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period. B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ___________________, _______________________, or __________________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form. 1. The ______________________ elements in Group 13 are all metals, except for boron, which is a metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products. 2. The ______________________ are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself. A. Carbon is found in all _____________________________ and exists in several forms. B. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ____________________________. C. Tin and ____________________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP LIVING THINGS SEMICONDUCTORS LEAD

Section 2 Representative Elements NITROGEN GROUP 3. The _____________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required by living things and which are used in industry. 4. The _____________________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life and used to manufacture many products. 5. The _____________________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other alkali metals. 6. The ________________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in lighting and inflating balloons. OXYGEN FAMILY HALOGEN GROUP NOBLE GASES

Groups 1 and 2: Summarize the properties of the alkali metals. Density LOW Color & State Melting Point Alkali Metals SILVERY SOLIDS LOW Reactivity HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM Compare and contrast: the alkaline earth metals and the alkali metals. The alkaline earth metals are harder, denser and have higher melting points than the alkali metals. The alkali metals are more reactive.

All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except Groups 13 through 18: Summarize the information about elements in the Boron Family by filling in the missing words. METALS All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except _____________, which is a metalloid. The elements in this family are used to make many different things. Pots and pans made with ______________ can move straight from the refrigerator to the oven without cracking. ____________ is used to make soft drink cans. ______________, which will melt in your hands, is used to make computer chips. BORON BORON ALUMINUM GALLIUM

COMPARE the elements in the carbon group Section 2 Representative Elements COMPARE the elements in the carbon group Metal, Non-metal, or Metalloid? Where it is Found or How it is Used? Carbon nonmetal Silicon metalloid Germanium Tin metal Lead occurs in all living things abundant in sand semiconductors in electronics used in toothpaste used in X-ray equipment

important for healthy bones and teeth Complete the outline to identify important points about certain elements in Groups 15 and 16. I. Group 15 A. __________________: makes up about 80% of the air you breathe. B. Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________. II. Group 16 A. Oxygen: _________________________________________________________________. B. __________________: combines with hydrogen and oxygen to make sulfuric acid, one of of the most commonly used chemicals. C. Selenium: ________________________________________________________________. IDENTIFY at least one important fact about each group of elements. Halogens: _______________________________________________________________________________. Noble Gases: ______________________________________________________________________________. Nitrogen important for healthy bones and teeth needed by your body to get energy from food Sulfur conducts electricity when it is in light makes salts with sodium and other alkali metals often do not combine with other elements

Section 3 Transition Elements Catalyst: substance that can make something happen faster but is not changed itself.

Most are found combined in ores IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements including their location in the periodic table. 1. _________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________ Located in groups 3-12 All are metals Properties change less across a period for transition elements than they do for representative elements Most are found combined in ores

magnetic and other properties Section 3 Transition Elements Iron Triad What these elements have in common: __________________________ magnetic and other properties iron cobalt nickel Element: ________ Uses: Element: ________ Uses: Element: ________ Uses: part of hemoglobin; mixed with other metals to make steel used in batteries and large magnets used in large magnets

Identify uses of transition elements. Elements Uses Tungsten Mercury Elements in Platinum Group used to make filaments in lightbulbs used in thermometers and barometers used as catalysts to make electronics, plastics and medicines

Compare and Contrast the lanthanides and actinides Lanthanides Properties Uses soft metals; cut with a knife; hard to separate from ores radioactive; most are synthetic (man-made) fuel in nuclear power plants; smoke detectors; kill cancer cells used in flints; color TV screens

crash into one another at high speeds Summarize how scientists create synthetic elements. the nuclei of atoms Using a particle accelerator scientists make ____________________________ _____________________________________________. The nuclei ___________________________ to form _________________________________. Some of these elements are _________________________ and last only _____________________________________. crash into one another at high speeds may stick together new, heavier elements very unstable a fraction of a second Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition elements. Amalgam fillings include mercury. 1. ____________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________ Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys for wires.

ALKALI METALS

silvery solids with low densities found in many things - salts & foods GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS silvery solids with low densities found in many things - salts & foods Lose 1 electron

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

denser and harder than alkali metals not as reactive Lose 2 electrons GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS denser and harder than alkali metals not as reactive Lose 2 electrons

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS BORON FAMILY

used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips Lose 3 electrons GROUP 13: BORON FAMILY used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips Lose 3 electrons

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS CARBON GROUP BORON FAMILY

carbon is found in all living things GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP carbon is found in all living things silicon is in sand and used as semiconductor Gain or Lose 4 electrons

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY CARBON GROUP BORON FAMILY

phosphorus is used in matches Gain 3 electrons GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP nitrogen makes up 80% of the air; it’s absorbed in the body by eating plants phosphorus is used in matches Gain 3 electrons

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP

sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers Gain 2 electrons GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY oxygen is essential for life; makes up 20% of Earth’s atmosphere (ozone) sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers Gain 2 electrons

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS

the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl) GROUP 17: THE HALOGENS the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl) chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water (swimming pool) Gain 1 electron

NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS

do not like to combine with other elements used in lightbulbs, lights GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES all gases do not like to combine with other elements used in lightbulbs, lights GAIN/LOSE 0 ELECTRONS

NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS LANTHANIDES

NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS LANTHANIDES ACTINIDES

NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS IRON TRIAD LANTHANIDES ACTINIDES

NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS IRON TRIAD LANTHANIDES PLATINUM GROUP ACTINIDES