Agenda Finish micropipette lab- turn in Do the pink mixing worksheet- turn in Take Demonstration Quiz using Micropipettes Cells Unit- pretest Cells Unit notes- Obj. 7.1 and 7.2 Turn in composition notebooks HW: Obj. 7.1 and 7.2 (Do on a separate sheet of paper)

Cells! What are they? Who has them? What do they do?

Cells Pre-Test On the top part of your guided notes, answer these questions: A.What is a cell? B.Where are cells found? C.Who has cells? D.What do cells do? E.Where else have you heard the term ‘cell’, not related to Biology? F.Draw a cell, with as many parts as you can

Look at your cell drawing on the pre-test: Did it look like this? This is a typical animal cell, but cells come in all shapes and sizes…

Neuron (brain cell) Amoeba Skin Cells Muscle Cells Bacteria

What is a Cell? The cell is the smallest unit of life! The Cell Theory states: –All living things are composed of cells –Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things –All new cells come from pre-existing cells

Great Moments in Cell-Hood Robert Hooke named the tiny chambers in cork (from trees) “cells” in Schleiden and Schwann concluded that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838 and First images looked like this: (Pretty boring!!!)

Great Moments in Cell-Hood Now, we use scanning electron microscopes to see cells like this: Samples are chemically preserved, dried, placed in a vacuum, and shot with a beam of electrons! It’s that easy…

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Living things are called prokaryotes or eukaryotes based on their cells Prokaryotes have DNA, but it is not contained in a nucleus Prokaryotes are simpler and unicellular

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes have organelles enclosed in membranes DNA is enclosed in a nucleus Eukaryotes are uni or multicellular

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic cells contain organelles, which serve specific functions Each organelle is essential to overall cell function

Organelles for Protein-Making The following organelles work to make proteins, which make up you! Nucleus- contains DNA (directions to make proteins); control center of cell Nuclear Envelope- perforated coating around nucleus; allows good things in and keep bad things out Chromatin/Chromosomes- form DNA is in while inside nucleus

Organelles for Protein-Making Nucleolus- knot of DNA where production of ribosomes occurs Ribosomes- where proteins are assembled using directions from DNA

Organelles for Lipids and Transport The following organelles work to make lipids and transport molecules: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- assembles lipids; transports proteins being made –Smooth ER: no ribosomes on it –Rough ER: ribosomes on outside –Some ribosomes float around freely

Organelles for Lipids and Transport Golgi Apparatus- modifies, sorts, packages proteins and lipids from the ER Molecules are being packaged to be stored in cell or sent out of cell

Organelles for Lipids and Transport Cell Membrane- cell covering that controls what enters and exits cells

Organelles for Energy The following organelles are make and convert energy to useable forms! Mitochondria- Do respiration for you! They convert food into ATP (molecule that powers your bodily processes). Gives off CO2 in the process.

Organelles for Energy Chloroplasts- Do photosynthesis for plants! Capture light energy and use it to convert CO2 to sugar.

Organelles for Energy To the right of your mitochondria picture, write the following equations: Photosynthesis: Respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP!

Organelles for Structure and Storage The following organelles provide structure and storage: Cytoskeleton- protein highway that maintains cell shape and transports molecules Cytoplasm- liquidy goo that organelles float in

Organelles for Structure and Storage Cell Wall- rigid cell covering that gives cells shape and support (plants only!). ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………… Vacuole- storage organ

Organelles for Garbage Disposal Please add this at the bottom of your notes! Then, give it its own color on your yellow worksheet. The lysosome breaks down old organelles, incorrect made proteins and lipids, and foreign objects It contains digestive enzymes with a pH of 4.5!

Plant vs. Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells differ in three ways: –Plant cells have cell walls –Plant cells have large vacuoles –Plant cells have chloroplasts