Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
CELLS
5 Kingdoms each containing cells
Use Prezi to identify the 5 Kingdoms
Robert Hooke’s famous drawing of cork cells
Cell Theory The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He examined very thin slices of cork and saw a multitude of tiny pores that he remarked looked like the walled compartments of a honeycomb. Hooke called them cells However, Hooke did not know their real structure or function. [1]
Cell Theory The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra and named the moving organisms animalcules, meaning "little animals".[3]. Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria.[4]
Spirogyra (Kingdom Protista)
Bones are made of cells
Muscles are made of cells
Plant Cells
Red Blood Cells
Cells
Nerve cells
Nerve Cells
White Blood Cell
Red and White Blood Cells
Cells are either multicellular (more than one) or unicellular (one)
Animal and plant cells eukaryotes
All plants are made of cells
Plants Cells
All animals are made of cells
Comparison of Cells
Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing. All known living things are made up of cells. Some organisms are unicellular, i.e., made up of only one cell. Others are multicellular, composed of a number of cells.
How many cells make up your body? My body is made of 1,000 cells My body is made of 10,000 cells My body is made of 100,000 cells My body is made of 1,000,000 cells My body is made of 10,000,000 cells My body is made of 100,000,000 cells My body is made of 1,000,000,000 cells My body is made of 10,000,000,000 cells My body is made of 100,000,000,000 cells My body is made of 1,000,000,000,000 cells
What else is made of cells What else is made of cells? Blue green Bacteria sometimes called Blue green Algae Algae
Volvox (Kingdom Protista)
Kelp forest (Algae) (Kingdom Protista)
An Amoeba is unicellular (Kingdom Protista)
Amoeba
Unicellular: “free-living” can operate independently to survive Example Volvox Multicellular: works together with other cells as a larger part of the cell to survive Example:Human
Euglena are unicellular protist
Yeast Cells: kingdom fungi (Fungi are made of cells)
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell
Cell Organelles and Parts Organelle: membrane-bound structure within a cell that has a specific shape and function. Examples: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast
Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Types of Cells Cells can be subdivided into the following subcategories: Prokaryotes: Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (though they do contain ribosomes). Bacteria are prokaryotes. Eukaryotes: Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles,etc).
Bacteria are made of cells called prokaryotes
Bacteria-Eubacteria “Pro”: 1st
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane/Plasma membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell membrane
Plasma membrane Hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails Phospholipid bilayer Large proteins cholesterol
Cell Wall Found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells (UV rays and harsh conditions) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA
Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes Inside nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics 46 total in each cell** http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm A human cell system is approximately 75% water The cytoplasm is the jelly-like watery fluid that makes up the cell. Transports PROTEINS
Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material
Microfilaments and Microtubule Helps to maintain shape of the cell. Aid in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins (PROTEINS SYNTHESIS) Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria Produces energy ATP through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (macromolecules) Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll (pigment) Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
In Animal Cells only..Flagella Long whip like extension used for movement
In Animal Cells only..Centrioles Short tubes necessary for cell division (reproduction)
In Animal Cells only..Cilia Short whip-like, hair like extension on the surface of some cells used for movement and gathering.