CELLS!!! Biology

General Stuff to Know… We will talk about cells for the REST OF THE YEAR…so you might as well just learn it now!!! Your life will be easier! Keep in mind the sizes that we are talking about during this topic! Cells are so small that we are each made a TRILLIONS of them, but they even have parts that we will be studying in great detail! Those are called organelles. It will be very helpful to keep “size” in mind while studying this topic!!!

Vocabulary to Know: Cell wall: outside, strong, supporting layer of plants cells and some bacterial cells; “wall of Troy” Centriole: 2 small structures; assist in cell division Chloroplast: found in plants and some bacteria; site of photosynthesis; “solar-powered grocery store” Cilia: short, hair-like structures for movement; “oars on a Viking ship” Cytoplasm: jelly-like material in cells; “jello of a jello mold” Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): moves various molecules/materials around inside of the cell; “interstate of the cell” Eukaryote: cell that has a nucleus; in all organisms EXCEPT bacteria “Eu”: TRUE “elle”: small Flagella: long, whip-like structure of cells

Vocabulary to Know: Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins to move out of the cell; “post office” Lysosome: break down materials in cell; “garbage truck” Mitochondrion: site of cellular respiration; breaks down sugars to make ATP; “power plant” Multicellular: many cells Nucleus: organelle of eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information (DNA); “city hall” Organ: group of tissues working together to perform a specific function Organ system: group of organs working together to perform a specific function Organelle: specialized, SMALL, structures that perform specialized functions in Eukaryotic cells “Pro”: before

Vocabulary to Know: Organism: living thing made of cell(s) Plasma (Cell) membrane: Prokaryote: Ribosome: Tissue: Unicellular: Vacuole: Living: Non-living:

Cell Theory 1.All living things are made of cells 2.All cells come from pre- existing cells 3.Cells are the basic units of life

Some organisms are composed of only one cell. They are ________________. What are the advantages of a unicellular organism? What are the disadvantages of a unicellular organism? Some organisms are composed of many cells. They are ________________. What are the advantages of a multicellular organism? What are the disadvantages of a multicellular organism?

___________ ____________ was the first to view cells in an early microscope. He named them cells b/c they reminded him of rooms in a monastery. Other scientists helped to establish the cell theory: Schwann: discovered that all animals are made of cells Schleiden: discovered that all plants are made of cells Virchow: determined that all cells come from preexisting cells

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes Eukaryote Has a nucleus Has membrane-bound organelles Are usually larger than prokaryotes More complex than prokaryotes Ex: animal cells, plant cells, protists, fungi…everything living EXCEPT bacteria! Prokaryote Does NOT have a nucleus NO membrane-bound organelles Are usually smaller than eukaryotes More simple than eukaryotes Ex: bacteria

Label the Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell

Label the Parts of the Eukaryotic, ANIMAL Cell

Label the Parts of the Eukaryotic, PLANT Cell

Use the following terms to fill in the Venn diagram below ProkaryotesEukaryotes Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Flagellum Ribosome Centriole Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Nucleus Lysosome Mitochondria DNA Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Cilia