What Makes Employees Tick- Motivational Strategies Business Management Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 1

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What is Motivation? It is what makes us do things, or more formally, a set of factors that influence an individual’s actions toward accomplishing a goal. internal factors – a person’s beliefs, feelings, and attitudes, also known as intrinsic external factors – rewards and punishments, also known as extrinsic Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 2

Influence and Power Position Power the position the manager holds in the company Reward Power the ability to control rewards and punishments Expert Power power because of a manager’s superior knowledge about the work Identity Power power given because people identify with and want to be accepted by them Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 3

Motivation Theories Herzberg, Frederick – “two-factors” Maslow, Abraham – “hierarchy of needs” Mayo, Elton – “human relations movement” McClelland, David – “achievement theory” McGregor, Douglas – “Theory X and Theory Y” Taylor, Frederick – “monetary rewards” Vroom, Victor – “Expectancy Theory” Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 4

Hygiene factors Can result in dissatisfied employees if absent– fringe benefits, working conditions Motivators Can result in higher job satisfaction if present – challenging work, accomplishment Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 5 Herzberg’s Two Factors

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self- actualization EsteemSocialSecurityPhysiological Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 6

Mayo and Human Relations Mayo believe that when managers communicated with and showed an interest in employees, they are motivated to do their best work. Mayo also thought that employees work well when they interact with each other and work in teams to accomplish goals. Employee input was also valued. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 7

McClelland’s Achievement/Need Theory Achievement Need – set personal goals Affiliation Need – concerned about relationships Power Need – influence and control others Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 8

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Theory X Assumptions: – that people dislike work, – that people need control, – that motivation occurs through threats about job security Theory Y Assumptions: – that working is natural, – that work effort is related to employees wanting to meet objectives and goals, – that managers have faith in subordinates as people Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 9

Taylor’s Scientific Management Monetary Rewards – Pay as a prime motivator – Monetary alternatives i.e., buying or selling vacation days – Applies more to assembly line work – piece rate pay – Development of employees not emphasized Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 10

Vroom’s Expectancy Theory Based on three components: – Expectancy – more work effort will result in better performance – Instrumentality – the higher the performance the higher the outcome or reward – Valence – the ‘value’ perceived in the type of reward Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 11

Independent Practice Assignments Motivation Theory Brochure – The students have been asked by the area’s Chamber of Commerce to create an informational brochure that can be distributed to business owners who are new to the area. The goal of the brochure is to provide new business owners with ideas using the various motivational theories that will help them to create a happy, enthusiastic workplace due to highly motivated employees. The brochure can be created with any type of software, all 6 panels should be used, and each theory studied in this lesson should have an example with it of a policy a store owner could use in its business. Students may use the guide at the end of this lesson for how the panels can be utilized. M-O-T-I-V-A-T-I-O-N Acronym – Students are to create a document using flipchart paper or other medium that displays an “acronym” of Motivation. Each letter will be the beginning of a sentence or phrase that describes the basic concepts of as many motivation theories as possible. Creativity counts as well. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 12

Independent Practice Assignments (continued) Comic Strip – Students are to create a comic strip using one of many websites that are available to create online comic strips (some also allow you to print the frames of the completed comic strip). The frames should contain dialogue between a manager (or managers) and an employee (or employees) discussing a situation at work and how it would be handled taking into consideration any one of the motivation theories discussed in this lesson. There should be an ample number of frames to be able to determine which theory is being demonstrated without it actually being stated in the comic strip. Applied Motivational Theory Flyer – Students will research companies on the Internet to discover how different real-world companies actually motivate their employees. They will create an information flyer using any software that either displays three companies and one motivational practice from each company, or they may choose one company and show three motivational techniques from the same company. The document should be creative and interesting to read. A benefit of this is that students can determine what could potentially be a good company to work for in the future, based on how they treat their employees. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 13