+ Chapter 10 classification
+ Sec 1: Classification: Sorting it All Out Classification – the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Why Classify? Classifying organisms makes it easier for scientists to answer important questions, like: 1) How many known species are there? 2) What are their common characteristics? 3) What are their relationships? To classify an organism a biologist uses a system that groups them by shared characteristics There are 7 levels of classification
+ Levels of Classification There are seven levels of classification (largest to smallest): 1) Kingdoms – are the largest most general groups of organization There are 6 main kingdoms 2) Phylum – members of a phylum are more alike than members of another phylum 3) Classes 4) Orders 5) Families 6) Genus 7) Species
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+ What Is the Basis for Classification? Taxonomy – is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things This was created by a Swedish botanist named Carolus Linnaeus Thanks to Darwin, today’s taxonomists classify organisms based on presumed evolutionary relationships.
+ Dichotomous Keys Dichotomous Keys – is an aid used to identify unknown organisms. These keys consist of several pairs of descriptive questions that have two different questions. These questions help you to identify the unknown organism
+ Chapter 10 – Quiz 1 1) ___________ is an arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities 2) ___________ is the largest category that an organism can be placed in. 3) ___________ is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things 4) _________ or ___________ are the two languages use in naming living things B) list the 7 levels of classification in order from largest to smallest B2) What are the two kigdoms that bacteria can be placed in
+ Section 2 - The Six Kingdoms The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria Bacteria – are extremely small single celled organisms They are Prokaryotes 1) Archaebacteria – contain bacteria that can survive in extreme environments Have been on Earth for 3 billion years “archae” means ancient 2) Eubacteria - contains free-living bacteria found in a variety of environments they live in the soil, water, and even inside your body!
+ 3) Kingdom Protista Protista – are commonly called protists. They are single or simple multi celled organisms They are Eukaryotic Kingdom Protista contain all organisms that are NOT plants, animals, or fungi First protists evolved over 2 billion years ago and gave rise to plants, fungi, and animals Examples include protozoa, mold, and algae
+ 4) Kingdom Plantae Plantae – is the kingdom that contains plants Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis Includes plants with a wide variety of shapes and sizes
+ 5) Kingdom Fungi Fungi – is the kingdom that contains molds and mushrooms Fungi does not perform photosynthesis Fungi are multicelluar organisms Fungi absorb nutrients after breaking down their surroundings with digestive juices.
+ 6) Kingdom Animalia Animalia – is the kingdom that contains animals Animals are complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms They contain cells that DO NOT have cell walls
+ Chapter 10 Quiz 2 1) ___________ are extremely small single-celled organisms that DO NOT contain a nucleus 2) ___________ is the kingdom that contain single celled or simple multicellular organisms that have a nucleus 3) __________ is the kingdom that contain organisms that can photosynthesize 4) __________ is the kingdom that contains mushrooms and molds 5) __________ is the kingdom that contains mullti- cellular organisms that DO NOT have cell walls B) What is Mr. Manfreda’s middle name