40 Years Mangrove Development in Kiribati Pacific Islands GIS&RS User Conference 27 th to 30 th November Suva Kataebati Bataua.

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40 Years Mangrove Development in Kiribati Pacific Islands GIS&RS User Conference 27 th to 30 th November Suva Kataebati Bataua

Laura, Majuro, Marshall Islands Red = Loss of vegetation Green = New vegetation 1983 = 187 hectares 2000 = 140 hectares 1983 = 187 hectares 2000 = 140 hectares

Rectification of Historical Aerial Photographs, Majuro

Old Vegetation Maps & recent Satellite Images

Steps: 1.Scanning of map 2.Linear geometric rectification towards satellite image 3.Delineation of vegetation classes on map 4.Rasterising map and satellite image interpretation 5.Overlay analysis

Overlay Analysis

Results Overlay Analysis IDClassNameNoPixelsHectare%Sum 11Water 2009 and Water Settlement 2009 and Water Bare land 2009 and Water Dry Vegetation 2009 and Water Mangrove 2009 and Water Seawater 2009 and Dry Vegetation Water 2009 and Dry Vegetation Settlement 2009 and Dry Vegetation Bare land 2009 and Dry Vegetation Dry Vegetation 2009 and Dry Vegetation Mangrove 2009 and Dry Vegetation Sum (complete table!)

Table of Change (Butaritari) IDLand Cover 1969HectareIDLand Cover 2011Hectare 0Seawater Seawater Water Water Settlement Settlement Bare land Bare land Dry land vegetation Dry land vegetation Mangrove Mangrove Sum1480 Sum1527

Areas of Change Butaritari

Increase Mangrove Butaritari (2)

Betio, Tarawa

Tarawa

Tarawa 40 Years Difference Mangroves are growing not shrinking !

Kiribati

Changes Tarawa

Mangrove Increase Marakei

Mangrove Change Onotoa

Investigated Islands 1 Makin, 2 Butaraitari, 3 Marakei, 4 Tarawa, 5 Maiana, 6 Aranuka, 7 Onotoa, 8 Tamana and 9 Arorae Only in Makin slight decrease of vegetation

Possible Sources of Vegetation Increase Sea level fall ?Sea level fall ? Geometric correction wrong ?Geometric correction wrong ? Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs 1969 partly wrong ?Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs 1969 partly wrong ? Satellite image interpretation wrong ?Satellite image interpretation wrong ? Changing water flow ?Changing water flow ?

Possible Human Influence for Vegetation Increase Environmental education ?Environmental education ? Coconut planting programmes after 1969Coconut planting programmes after 1969 Less need for mangrove as fire wood ?Less need for mangrove as fire wood ? –Alternative fuel –Better drinking water Better living conditions for mangroves ?Better living conditions for mangroves ?

Thanks Kiribati’s population is growing but the vegetation is growing as well (if trend continues) Kiribati’s population is growing but the vegetation is growing as well (if trend continues)