LAND COVER MAPPING AND LAND COVER CHANGES Project financed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) carried out by FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN in collaboration with Kenya Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS) WRI - FAO - DRSRS Charles Situma

DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCE SURVEYS AND REMOTE SENSING (DRSRS) MANDATE  Collection, storage, analysis, updating and dissemination of geo- spatial information on natural resources and environment to facilitate informed decision-making for sustainable development  The data collected by the department forms the basis for formulation of sound development plans, policies and strategies various government ministries and agencies.  DRSRS strives to meet objectives and aspirations of the Ministry and GoK as outlined in Vision 2030

Publications

Project purposes: - Update of Kenya land cover map (FAO Africover database) Land Cover Changes Analysis

DELIVERABLES - National harmonized land cover legend based on FAO/UNEP Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) - National Land Cover Database - National Land Cover Changes database (shapefile and mdb) PRODUCT DISSEMINATION -The data is hosted by DRSRS - Results could be downloaded through FAO’s geospatial data portal GeoNetwork

Satellite - Images acquisition Object based segmentation – Definiens Ecognition Software Legend - based on FAO Land Cover Classification System / Africover Prelabeling of images based on former FAO Africover Data Interpretation detail enhancement new tools for classification and labeling - FAO Madcat Software Fieldwork Activities Topology check Interpretation review based on field work results Review of homogenity and consistency of interpretation between photointerpreters Review of Database fields and codes GIS review – final topology check Final database output – Data overview through FAO ADG Software Satellite image interpretation for land cover mapping Land Cover update - Workflow

1) Satellite images Landsat (2000)Landsat (2005) Aster Google Earth Landsat AsterGoogle Earth

Overview Landsat image index

Overview Aster image index

FIELDWORK ACTIVITIES

A fieldwork campaign was carried out in March Areas to be surveyed were defined following a regular grid of 0.5 degrees 10*10 Km (ECONET) According with the accessibility of the areas (security issues, road network, time schedule) were defined 1 to 4 land cover classes to survey for each area. If the plot could not be reached, the points were selected out of the box in nearby areas.

The map shows the points for each one of the 3 fieldwork teams with additional points within the 10 km plots. (Source: DRSRS Final Report on Fieldwork Activities)

A sample field data record sheet filled in the field during survey –MDB format The total points visited by the 3 groups are as follows, Group1 : 60 points Group2: 84 points Group3: 50 points.

Sample point selection The FAO Afrocover methodology for land cover field survey was illustrated in the last 2 days of the workshop held in DRSRS in January Due to the fact that the preliminary interpretation was not yet completed was defined to use a regular grid as source to define the field points, as mentioned in the previous slide. Within this areas, according with the accessibility and land cover type available in the area, were defined specific locations to survey (1-4 points for each block). Each sample plot measured 10 Km x10 Km Figure 3.2). At least three sample points were surveyed in each plot The full procedure was run from the accessibility assessment, to the definition of field work results output. Sampling area Sample point 10 Km

Field Survey KE_167 Picture direction W Field Survey KE_167 Picture direction S For Each poin were recorded information about the land cover and 4 pictures in the cardinal directions N E S W The survey number and picture direction are visible in the blackboard in the picture After the field work, the data was downloaded and loaded in ArcGIS with all the details of each plot no and corresponding photos of each plot. An hyperlink was created in order to view the pictures linked to each point clicking on the point symbol

Legend Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code A11 - Cultivated and managed terrestrial areas LCCS Class Name Broadleaved evergreen forest plantation 1TPLbe W7 Needleleaved evergreen forest plantation 1TPLne W7 Permanently cropped area with rainfed tree crops. Large sized fields (> 4 ha) 1TLPL W7 Citrus plantation. Surface Irrigated 1TLMi_ci S0606W8 Small sized fields (<2ha) of rainfed tree crops 1TS W8 Scattered Isolated small fields (<2ha) of rainfed tree crops 1TS-is W8 Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. 1SLM Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Pineapple 1SLM_p S0619 Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Coffee 1SLM_co S0802 Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Tea 1SLM_t S0804 Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Sisal 1SLM_s S0913 Small (<2ha) rainfed shrub crops 1SS Scattered Isolated small (<2ha) rainfed shrub crops 1SS-is Large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops 1HLM Large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals 1HLM_ce S3 Large to medium (>2ha) irrigated herbaceous crops. 1HLMi Large to medium (>2ha) irrigated herbaceous crops. Sugar cane 1HLMi_su S0915 Scattered isolated large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops 1HLM-is Scattered isolated large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals 1HLM-is_ce S3 Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. 1HS Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Second layer: sparse trees 1HS+2TS Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops on sloping land. Second layer: sparse trees 1HSS+2TS L Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals 1HS_ce S3 Small (<2ha) fields of post flooding herbaceous crops 1HSY Small (<2ha) fields of irrigated herbaceous crops. 1HSi Scattered isolated small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops 1HS-is Scattered isolated small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals 1HS-is_ce S3 Scattered Isolated Small (<2ha) fields of post flooding herbaceous crops 1HSY-is Greenhouse 1GH (2)[Z4] 70 classes

A12 – Natural or semi-natural terrestrial vegetation Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Tree closed (>65%) 2TC Closed (>65%) broadleaved evergreen forest 2TCbe Closed (>65%) bamboo forest 2TCba Zt2 Trees open (40-65%) with shrubs closed to open (15-65%). 2TO_sco Trees very open (15-40%) with shrubs closed to open (15-65%). 2TVO_sco Trees very open (15-40%) with sparse (<15%) shrubs 2TVO_ss Sparse Trees (< 15%) on sparse (<15%) herbaceous 2TS Closed (>65%) shrubs 2SC Open (40-65%) shrubs 2SO Very open (15-40%) shrubs 2SVO Very open (15%-40%) shrubs with sparse (<15%) trees 2SVOTS Sparse (<15%) shrubs 2SS Closed to Open (15-100%) herbaceous 2HCO Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous with sparse (<15%) trees 2HCOTS Sparse (<15%) herbaceous 2HS A23 – Cultivated aquatic or regularly flooded areas Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Large to medium (>2ha) paddy rice fields 3RLM 3030-S0308 Small(<2ha) paddy rice fields 3RS 3045-S0308 A24 – Natural or semi-natural aquatic vegetation Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Closed (>65%) trees on permanently flooded land. Brackish water 4TCFFbr R2 Open (15-65%) trees on temporarily flooded land 4TOF Open (15-65%) shrubs on temporarily flooded land 4SOF Closed to Open (15-100%) Shrubs On Permanently Flooded Land 4SCOFF Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous with sparse (<15%) trees on temporarily flooded land 4HCOTSF Closed to open (15-65%) herbaceous on permanently flooded land 4HCOFF Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous on temporarily flooded land 4HCOF 42348

B15 - Artificial surfaces and associates area(s) Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Urban areas 5U Rural areas 5UR A44Zp1 Airport 5A 5003-A21 Refugee camp 5UC 5003-A34 Quarries 5Q B16 – Bare area(s) Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Bare rock 6R Gravels, Stones And/Or Boulders. River bank and rock debris 6GR Bare soil 6S 6005 Loose sand 6L 6006 B27 – Artificial water bodies, snow and ice Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Artificial lake and pund 7WS B28 – Natural water bodies, snow and ice Class User Name Map Code LCCS Gis Code LCCS Class Name Perennial rivers 8WFP V1 Perennial lakes 8WSP Non-Perennial Natural Waterbodies (Flowing) with Scattered Vegetation 8WFTv U1 Seasonal rivers 8WFT Seasonal lakes 8WST Tidal area 8Wt Perennial snow 8SP 8006

KE_183_A

KE_050_A

KE_092_3

KE_102_2

Land Cover Interpretation Kenya Land Cover Map Preliminary Results Overview

Kenya LC database before field survey activity

Land Cover Data – National Level 1 Total Areas: 1970’s, 1980’s, 2000, Changes: area values - percentages Results Overview

Forest, Agriculture, Urban areas Area Km 2 Land cover type Results Overview

Overview: Spatial Distribution Kenya 2000 Tree closed, Tree open and Woody closed areas Results – Woody Coverage

Closed forest coverage – Kenya Provinces Results

Urban areas – Kenya Provinces

Forest Plantations – Kenya Provinces Results

a Agricultural Area Changes – Areal Distribution Of Changes a1) 1970’s a2) 1970’s ’s a3) 1980’s b Agricultural Field Density b1) 1970’s b2) 1980’s b3) 2000 Results – Agriculture

Agricultural areas – Kenya Provinces Agricultural Areas Km2 Results – Agriculture

Kenya Land Cover Change analysis Agricultural areas The map shows the field density within the polygon area. According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification there are 3 levels of spatial distribution: Continuous fields Scattered clustered Scattered isolated Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area when in single class codes and 50-80% when in mixed units Scattered clustered between 20 and 50% of the polygon area Scattered isolated between 10 and 20% of the polygon area Agricultural field density 1970’s Results – Agriculture

Kenya Land Cover Change analysis Agricultural areas The map shows the field density within the polygon area. According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification there are 3 levels of spatial distribution: Continuous fields Scattered clustered Scattered isolated Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area when in single class codes and 50-80% when in mixed units Scattered clustered between 20 and 50% of the polygon area Scattered isolated between 10 and 20% of the polygon area Agricultural field density 1980’s Results – Agriculture

Kenya Land Cover Change analysis Agricultural areas The map shows the field density within the polygon area. According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification there are 3 levels of spatial distribution: Continuous fields Scattered clustered Scattered isolated Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area when in single class codes and 50-80% when in mixed units Scattered clustered between 20 and 50% of the polygon area Scattered isolated between 10 and 20% of the polygon area Agricultural field density 2000 Results – Agriculture

Forest, Agriculture, Urban land cover area Area Km2 Land cover type Results Overview

Land Cover Changes – Partial results TOTAL AREAS 2000 Ha2010 Ha% of change Agriculture Rangeland Trees Forest Plantation Urban Areas Water N.B. Total areas calculated considering the main class in mixed classes

 Planning ( Land Use and Planning, Development Activities Planning )  Education  Research ( Activities within Research Institutions and Universities )  Water ( Water Conservation, Use and Control )  Agriculture ( Soil and Land Conservation, Pest Control, Crop Monitoring )  Environment ( Forestry, Biodiversity, Wildlife, Sensitive Areas, etc.)  Monitoring ( Food Security, Early Warning )  Health ( Disease control, health infrastructure, vaccination campaigns, etc.)  Other Application Dataset Applications Main fields of application:

Database Request Statistics

Total approved requests2095 Kenya - Spatially Aggregated Multipurpose Landcover database (Africover)372 Kenya - Thematic Grassland Aggregation (Africover)131 Kenya - Thematic Agriculture Aggregation (Africover)216 Kenya - Thematic Woody Aggregation (Africover)142 Kenya - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology / Lithology104 Kenya - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology / Landform113 Kenya - Boundaries, Towns, Roads, Rivers1017 Total number of request for Kenya 2323 – pending 9 – rejected 219 Total number of delivered data for Kenya

 DRSRS is involved in: ◦ Clinton Climate Initiatives on land cover mapping of Kenya ◦ KFS REDD Readness plan for MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification on Forests) ◦ FAO/DRSRS Dryland forest mapping for REDD PASCO/KFS/RCMRD/DRSRS Other Initiatives

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