Attention - part 1 (Alcohol) Canadian Drivers Edge C U R R I C U L U M Attention - part 1 (Alcohol)

Types of Impairment Alcohol Drug Medication Mental Stress Illness Or a Combination of multiple impairments Fatigue Drowsy Driving

Types of Impairment We will begin with the drug of ALCOHOL Medication Mental Stress Illness Or a Combination of multiple impairments Fatigue Drowsy Driving

Alcohol facts and myths The primary learning outcomes desirable from this first lesson are as follows: Become aware of the more relevant facts & myths concerning alcohol and driving for younger drivers. That young people are more susceptible to the dangers of drinking and driving than the other driving populations. Explore some of the reasons why the younger driving population are at a higher risk. That we all can become victims unless preventative strategies are learned and utilized.

Alcohol facts and myths INSTRUCTOR NOTE: --Students should first complete the 15 question Alcohol knowledge survey (which follows this slide) -it will serve as an outline for discussion as the unit unfolds. Your students should have already downloaded and printed their own copy of this survey from website. Do not discuss these 15 questions now… …they will all come up later in the lessons. Students should have also printed out the REVIEW QUESTIONS – Alcohol Marijuana… they will answer these questions at end of each of the 4 alcohol related lessons.

ALCOHOL KNOWLEDGE SURVEY ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AS TRUE or FALSE ACCORDING TO YOUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING (these 15 questions will serve as an outline for these lessons)

Alcohol survey questions 1-2 True or False Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a depressant in the central nervous system (brain). 2) Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous system (brain).

Alcohol survey questions 3-4 The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those normal functions required for driving? 4) The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other parts of the brain are affected?

Alcohol survey question 5 5) Drinking tends to make a person feel more self-confident even though his or her skills may be decreasing.

Alcohol survey question 6 6) When people drink alcoholic beverages, they lose their muscular coordination before they lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities?

Alcohol survey questions 7-8 All the mental and physical abilities required to operate an automobile are affected if a person drinks enough? 8) Any person can become unconscious and even die from drinking too much?

Alcohol survey questions 9-10 9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to get rid of the effects of one can of beer? 10) There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold shower will not help.

Alcohol survey questions 11 11) If a person eats something before drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.

Alcohol survey questions 12-13 12) The alcoholic causes most of the alcohol related fatalities on our roads and highways today. 13) How much a person drinks before driving should be their own decision.

Alcohol survey questions 14-15 14) If a friend is about to drive after drinking there is nothing you can do about it. 15) Teens should discuss the alcohol-driving problem with their parents and come to an agreement on what to do when problems arise. These 15 questions will be considered as we cover various aspects of the drinking / drug and driving problem.

Let’s begin with several facts about alcohol and driving…

ALCOHOL FACTS Alcohol is involved in about 43% of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada. Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.

ALCOHOL FACTS 19-29 year olds are in involved in about 37% of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada. After age 29 alcohol related deaths begin declining. Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.

ALCOHOL FACTS Younger drivers are at the greatest risk of being killed per kilometer driven. In 2001, 43.4 Canadian drivers aged 16-19 years were killed in motor vehicle crashes per billion kilometres travelled. This is more than double the fatalities for 20-24 year-old drivers (21.1), more than 7 times the fatalities for 25-34 year-old drivers (6.0), more than 12 times the fatalities for 35-44 year-old drivers (3.6), and 14 times the fatalities for 45-54 year-old drivers (3.1). Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.

CAN IT HAPPEN TO YOU ???

Myth: Many teenages think: "It will never happen to me!" CAN IT HAPPEN TO YOU ??? Myth: Many teenages think: "It will never happen to me!"

Why are younger drivers involved in so many traffic collisions? Inexperienced as drivers Inexperienced at drinking More susceptible to peer influences Teens drive in high risk situations - at night on weekends - at higher speeds

What about intoxicated pedestrians? IN CANADA • Of the 295 fatally injured pedestrians who were tested in 1997, 45% had been drinking. • The majority of the alcohol-positive pedestrian fatalities had a BAC over 0.08% and the average BAC was 0.210%. Transport Canada, Transport Canada Fact Sheet #RS2001-01 (February 2001)

ALCOHOL FACTS Why is this true? Alcohol related crashes happen at all hours, but especially at night during weekends. Statistically, most alcohol related fatalities occur after midnight on weekends and at holiday periods. Male drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a fatality than females. 86% of the cases involved males. When males drink they are are usually more aggressive drivers. Males are doing most of the driving during the high risk times. Many males are more susceptible to peer pressure to take chances and drive fast. Why is this true?

Review time…how much do you remember?

(but second part of statement is true) 1) Alcohol is involved in about ______% of all fatal crashes. 43 2) True or False: Alcohol is the #2 killer of teenagers and young people as a result of vehicle crashes; and teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol related fatalities___________ False...# 1 killer (but second part of statement is true) 3) Young people are involved in most alcohol related collisions because they are both inexperienced _________ and inexperienced __________ drinkers drivers 4) Many teens are also susceptible to peer ___________ pressure 5) Many teens also drive at high-risk times, at night and on the weekends. They also have a tendency to drive:________ faster

6) True or False: Statistically, most alcohol related fatalities occur after midnight on weekends and at holiday periods. _______ True 7) Females are three times more likely to be involved in a alcohol related fatality than males. True or False: ______ False 8) When males, drink they are usually more _____________ drivers. aggressive 9) True or False: If we do not take proper precautions, we increase the possibility of becoming a victim of a alcohol related crash. _______ true 10) After what age, do alcohol-related crashes start declining? ________ after 29

This next section will focus upon the effects of Alcohol Impairment

Progressive effects of Alcohol The primary learning outcomes desirable from this 2nd lesson are as follows: Understand the progressive debilitating effects of alcohol upon the body and brain. Make relevant applications of this knowledge. Understand that binge drinking can lead to overdose and death. An understanding that only time eliminates alcohol from the body.

Using Alcohol is a high risk behaviour This 19 year old had a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of over .20 DRINKING SPEED Using Alcohol is a high risk behaviour

Alcohol survey questions 1-2 Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a depressant in the central nervous system (brain). TRUE Let’s now notice some facts about the process of intoxication... Alcohol slows brain functions Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous system (brain). FALSE – although at lower BAC levels it does act as a stimulant.

What determines how fast a person becomes intoxicated? SIZE OF PERSON (body weight) Lighter individuals will become intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier people METABOLISM (how fast the body works) TYPE OF BEVERAGE CONSUMED RATE OF DRINKING FOOD IN STOMACH Let’s now explore the progression of intoxication

The progressive effects of intoxication Once in the stomach... …it proceeds through the stomach wall lining… ...directly into the blood stream. Within a few minutes, alcohol affects the brain reducing the normal flow of oxygen to the brain. We’ll trace the flow of alcohol from the time one starts to drink until complete intoxication

Alcohol survey questions 3-4 The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those normal functions required for driving? TRUE Again, the reduction of oxygen and the direct effect of the alcohol impairs the brain’s functions The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other parts of the brain are affected? TRUE

- thinking and reasoning processes slow down CEREBRUM CEREBRUM - thinking and reasoning processes slow down (takes 2-3 times longer to decide what to do) - memory affected - judgment impaired (driver takes risky chances) within 10-20 minutes

Alcohol survey question 5 5) Drinking tends to make a person feel more self-confident even though his or her skills may be decreasing. TRUE A false sense of self-confidence is experienced as the euphoria intensifies in the Brain Stem.

- Inhibitions are released silly, loud, depressed, obnoxious CEREBRUM BRAIN STEM - Euphoria sets in (the high) results in a false sense of overconfidence - Inhibitions are released silly, loud, depressed, obnoxious - Emotions intensified - also controls heart beat and breathing within 10-20 minutes BRAIN STEM another 10-20 minutes How can stronger emotions affect driving? (give some examples)

Alcohol survey question 6 When people drink alcoholic beverages, they lose their muscular coordination before they lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities? FALSE If drinking continues, the next part of the brain affected is the cerebellum

controls muscle coordination CEREBRUM 10-20 min. CEREBELLUM controls muscle coordination Large muscles: arms & legs; then smaller muscles: eyes and tongue slurred speech blurry vision Driver has major difficulty controlling vehicle BRAIN STEM TOTALLY INTOXICATED CEREBELLUM 10-20 min. 30-60 minutes total time

HOW IS THIS INFORMATION IMPORTANT? 10-20 min. CEREBRUM HOW IS THIS INFORMATION IMPORTANT? 10-20 min. BRAIN STEM TOTALLY INTOXICATED You or a friend who is driving you…may be in STAGE 2, (Brain Stem) - not showing any physical coordination problems as of yet… you may think it is safe to drive or ride with that person. CEREBELLUM 10-20 min. 30-60 minutes total time …but in a short time the alcohol will begin to affect the muscular coordination and vision.

50 50 50 STOP STOP ONE WAY ONE WAY After several drinks a driver may see multiple images

A driver in an advance stage of intoxication would have difficulty seeing this pedestrian Night vision is significantly reduced after drinking.

Alcohol survey questions 7-8 All the mental and physical abilities required to operate an automobile are affected if a person drinks enough? TRUE A person can become unconscious and even die from drinking too much?

It is possible to overdose on alcohol and die! If at a party a friend of yours has been taking large repeated gulps (chugging) straight from a whiskey bottle… WHAT CAN YOU DO?

Alcohol survey questions 9-10 9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to get rid of the effects of one can of beer? 10) There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold shower will not help. TRUE TIME is the only way TRUE

Alcohol survey question 11 11) If a person eats something before drinking, he or she won’t get drunk. FALSE But it will take a little longer getting into the bloodstream because the food slows down the absorption.

Review time…how much do you remember?

4) Also in the cerebrum, the alcohol impairs a person’s 1) Soon after alcohol is consumed, it begins to enter the ____________through the stomach wall lining & intestines. bloodstream 2) True or False: Lighter individuals will become intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier people.______ True 3) As alcohol enters the cerebrum it begins to slow down the brain’s ability to think and reason. This means drivers take _____________ to decide what to do (IPDE process). 2-3 times longer 4) Also in the cerebrum, the alcohol impairs a person’s better ___________. They tend to take risky chances. judgment 5) When the alcohol reaches the Brain Stem the euphoria intensifies which often releases a person’s ___________ which can result in behaviors they usually refrain from. inhibitions

6) True or False: These stronger emotions released by the effect of alcohol can adversely affect ones driving.____ True 7) As alcohol moves into the lower part of the brain (Cerebellum) it begins to affect the ________coordination. muscular 8) The large muscles like the __________ are first affected; then the smaller muscles like those that focus the ______are affected, causing the driver’s vision to be greatly impaired. arms & legs eyes 9) True or False: Knowing these progressive effects are important because we may think we are okay, but the alcohol may soon be affecting our coordination and vision …making us even more dangerous _______ True 10) All the physical and mental abilities are affected if a person continues to _________ drink

take it away from him / her 11) True or False: If you drink too much it is possible to overdose on alcohol and even die. _______ True 12) If at a party, a friend is taking large gulps from a whiskey bottle you should try to _________________ take it away from him / her 13) It takes the body (liver) at least _______ to eliminate the alcohol from the body for each drink consumed. 1 hour 14) True or False: If after drinking, if you get some good exercise or strong coffee, it will reduce the time it takes to sober up. _________ False 15) True or False: Eating a heavy meal before consuming alcohol, will absorb most of it, minimizing its affects. ______ False

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