The Kingdom Animalia: Unifying Characteristics and Major Divisions I edited this power point from Eric Kessler

Unifying Characteristics Multicellular Can generate movement Haploid Gametes Diploid Somatic Cells Embryonic Development Mitochondrial Eukaryotes Heterotrophic Aerobic Respiring

Haploid Gametes In animals the adults produce haploid (having half the number of chromosomes) gametes through meiosis

Diploid Somatic Cells As the zygote develops the resulting body or somatic cells are diploid

The Embryonic Blastula After fertilization of an egg by sperm, the resulting diploid (having two pairs of chromosomes) zygote rapidly goes through mitosis All animals become a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula

Gastrulation & The Gut After the blastula stage, in some animals cells migrate to the interior forming the primitive gut In Protostomes the initial pore forms the mouth, while in the Deuterostomes this pore forms the anus

Mitochondrial Eukaryotes Cells contain Mitochondria inside that carry on Cellular Respiration O 2 + Glucose  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP

Heterotrophic and Aerobic Respiring In order to acquire the Glucose necessary for cellular respiration animals must be consumers and eat organisms already containing glucose In order to acquire the Oxygen gas necessary for cellular respiration animals must have mechanisms of obtaining oxygen

The Body Planes

Types of symmetry Photo. accessed 8/21/ :32 EST.

Spherical Symmetry

Radial Symmetry Body plan in which the body parts are arranged regularly around a central axis (multiple planes cut into mirror halves)

Bilateral Symmetry Body plan in which body parts are arranged into a left and right around a central plane (one plane cuts into mirror images) Cephalization results from this plan

Cephalization This describes the collection of neural cells into one common location to form a brain or ganglion. Usually in bilateral animals. Is associated with a mouth since mouths require so much information processing. Left: brain of child with Microcephaly Right normal child’s brain size Cephalopod head foot

Segmentation Segmented organisms have a repeating series of body units that may or may not be similar to one another

Major Divisions Symmetry, Movement, & Cephalization Gastrulation & Gut Formation Dermal Tissues & Coelome Development Segmentation

Coelome Development: Acoelomate The coelome is a fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesodermal tissue Acoelomate animals lack a fluid filled cavity and are Triploblastic

Pseudocoelomate Pseudocoelomate animals have a fluid filled cavity but it is not contained within mesoderm tissue. Instead it lies between the mesoderm and endoderm Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic (having an Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm)

Eucoelomate Eucoelomate animals have a true fluid filled cavity contained with in the mesoderm Eucoelomates are also Triploblastic