20 th Century China Unit 6 Mr. Hardy RMS IB

20 th Century China Opium Wars = Great Britain vs. China Why? China did not want to trade with Great Britain Treaty of Nanking, 1842, ends Opium Wars – Great Britain gains trade with China and Hong Kong Taiping Rebellion- Chinese peasants angry about treaty – 14 years long – 20 million people died

Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion, 1900 – Goal- remove all foreigners from China and end the Qing Dynasty – “BOXERS” Wanted to be isolated- “Isolationism” – European nations and the US helped the Chinese government defeat the Boxers

Boxer Rebellion U.S. MARINES, PEKING 1900 U.S. MARINE 1900

Boxer Rebellion

OPEN DOOR POLICY America is interested in Chinese trade, not Chinese territory The United States fears European powers carving up and annexing parts of China. The U.S. wants 1.Equal trade rights for all countries. 2.Preserve Chinese independence and territory This Open Door policy gained the U.S. Chinese good will for many years.

China’s New Republic Sun Yat-sen- founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party – 1911 took control of China – Led China through WWI During World Wars, other political groups began to emerge

Political Parties Divide China Chiang Kai-shek becomes the new leader of China Civil War – Chiang (Nationalist) against the Communist party The Long March – Communist retreat – 100,000 people marched over 6,000 miles

China and WWII World War II- China is invaded by the Japanese Chiang needs the help of the Communist Red Army Join together to fight Japanese during WWII (Following WWII) Communist and Nationalist parties fight again

Communist China Communists take control of China and create the People’s Republic of China – Mao Zedong- new ruler Communism- government holds all of the power and the production of the people

Mao Zedong and Propaganda

First Communist Actions All land was divided among the people to work Great Leap Forward- final push to economic development – Huge farms of over 25,000 people – Small industry on the farmland – Education and health car provided to farm workers Ruined the economy! – 20 million people starved – Millions more from disease

Cultural Revolution Goal- remove opposition from the Communist party “Red Guards”- citizens who worked to find those who spoke out against the Communist Party – Anyone who had contact with or wished for Westernization was punished – Erase the Four Olds – Old Customs – Old Culture – Old Ideology – Old Habits – Creation of chaos! Mao dies and Cultural Revolution ends

“ The invincible thoughts of Mao Zedong illuminates the stages of revolutionary art.”

Cultural Clashes Blend of old and new Chinese culture Deng Xiaoping- leader of China following Mao’s death Made changes to once controlled China Allowed for land ownership Created political relationships with other nations Still controlled basic righ ts

Civil Unrest Communist government still controlled people’s rights and freedoms Chinese people “This is not fair!” Tiananmen Square- April 1989, people demonstrated against Communist government – Not allowed to practice their freedom of speech – Brutal attack by the government killed many demonstrators

Modern China Mind Map Complete the Mind Map as fully as possible! Be sure to extend every “bubble” to the next level of detail. Your Mind Map will be graded on whether the information is correct, used properly, and completed as far as possible! The Mind Map is due by the end of class today!

MIND MAP CHI NA LABEL EACH LINE WITH A MAJOR EVENT OR CHARACTERISTIC OF CHINA. THEN LABEL THE REST OF THE MIND MAP WITH WORDS RELATING TO THOSE SIX. BRANCH OFF IN TO MORE DETAIL AS YOU ADD WORDS.